Professionalization Czech Lands

Other Professional Associations of Chemists in the Czech Lands... 

In the Czech Lands there existed a variety of strong professional groups of chemists which founded their associations in the second half of the nineteenth century (see Table 3.3), serving the interests of more demarcated circles of... 

The pharmacists represented a special professional group related in different ways to the chemists in various countries. In the Netherlands, the pharmacists were welcome to become members of the chemical society if they so wished. The case was the same in (at least) Belgium, Czech Lands, Denmark and Norway, whereas the pharmaceutical chemists were explicitly excluded from membership of the chemical societies in some of the other countries, such as Britain. Different local reasons for the differences have been discussed in some of the previous chapters, and we can only conclude that although chemistry historically has had long and strong ties to pharmacy, the two disciplines had largely become differentiated by the late nineteenth century. This is also reflected in the formation of self-contained associations dealing with the specific interests of the pharmacists. 

The German chemists participated only in a few associations of chemical, food, or fermentation industry specialists, which were somewhat more open to German professionals, or even bilingual. See Strbdnova, Chapter 3, Czech Lands, 49. 

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