CZE in Biopolymer Analysis

After Lauer and McManigill first published the use of various biological buffers and organic ion additives to act as dynamic deactivants [17], there have been many successful demonstrations after this approach. Bullock and Yuan [18] demonstrated the separation of 6 basic proteins over a pH range of 3.5 to 9.0, by using different buffers in combination with 1,3 diaminopropane and alkah salts. 

The possibility of separation and analysis of enzymes by CZE has been explored. Banke, et al. separated alkahne proteases from crude fermentation broth, and collected fractions from CZE for enzyme analysis. CZE was also used to monitor the progress of an enzyme reaction [23]. Konse, et al. reported modification of a microtitre plate assembly which was used to coUect fractions on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Fractions blotted onto the PVDF membranes were then subsequently analyzed by a sequencer [24]. Emmer and Roeraade described an on-hne micro-post column reactor which they used in conjunction with on-column detection. By using the two detector system, they were able to rapidly monitor enzyme activity in samples. Through careful optimization of conditions in the reactor, the loss of efficiency at the point of detection through the reactor capiUary was minimal [25]. 

Peptide separations have been easier to optimize without severe problems of irreversible solute/surface interactions, demonstrating that in nature, the whole is not necessarily equivalent to the sum of its parts. An example of a peptide separation illustrating the selectivity which can be introduced into the CZE experiment by the judicious choice of organic modifiers was done by Oda et al. 

Carbohydrate analysis has been demonstrated in CZE using a variety of electrolyte conditions, and detection schemes. Lu and Cassidy obtained the 

the electrophoretic selectivity can be mitigated by judicious choice of organic additives. In the top, the mixture of eight synthetic 12mers (sequence shown bottom) is analyzed under different conditions (top panel) 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 2.0 (middle panel) 50 mM phosphate, pH 2.0 + 100 mM hexanesulfonic acid (HAS) (bottom panel) 50 mM phosphate, pH 

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