Cytochrome c, mediation

Yoshimoto, M., Walde, P, Umakoshi, H., and Kuboi, R. (1999). Conformationally changed cytochrome c-mediated fusion of enzyme- and substrate-containing liposomes. Biotechnol. Prog., 15, 689-96. 

Jiang X, Wang X (2004), Cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73 87-106. 

Kuida K, Haydar TF, Kuan CY, Gu Y, Taya C, Karasuyama H, et al. Reduced apoptosis and cytochrome c-mediated caspase activation in mice lacking caspase-9. Cell 1998 94 325-337. 

Tournier C, Hess P, Yang DD, Xu J, Turner TK, Nimnual A, Bar-Sagi D, Jones SN, Flavell RA, Davis RJ. Requirement of JNK for stress-induced activation of the cytochrome c-mediated death pathway. Science 2000 288 870-874. 

Tolson JK, Dix DJ, Voellmy RW, Roberts SM (2006) Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in Hsp70i knockout mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 21(X1-2) 157-162 Toumier C, Hess P, Yang DD, Xu J, Turner TK, Nimnual A, Bar-Sagi D, Jones SN, Flavell RA, Davis RJ (2000) Requirement of INK for stress-induced activation of the cytochrome c-mediated death pathway. Science 288(5467) 870-874 Trudell JR, Bosterling B, Trevor AJ (1982) Reductive metabolism of carbrai tetrachlraide by human cytochromes P-450 reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles mass spectral identification of trichloromethyl radical bound to dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79 (8) 2678-2682... 

S. novella SDH donates electrons from sulfite oxidation to a bacterial cytochrome c, but also can use mammalian analogues such as horse heart cytochrome c as a substitute electron acceptor. The electrochemistry of horse c)4ochrome c at chemically modified Au working electrodes is very well understood " and, using similarly established methodologies, a cytochrome c-mediated electrocatalytic SDH sulfite biosensor was constructed. The sensor was both highly sensitive and stable and was used to quantify the concentration of sulfite in various beer samples with minimal sample preparation. 

Kim SC, Byun SH, Yang CH, Kim CY, Kim JW, Kim SG (2004) Cytoprotective effects of Glycyrrhizae radix extract and its active component liquiritigenin against cadmium-induced toxicity (effects on bad translocation and cytochrome c-mediated PARP cleavage). Toxicology 197 239... 

ABSTRACT. 3-cycIodextrin-l,4-dihydronicotinamide can reduce cytochrome c in aqueous solution, by adding redox dyes as mediators. In the reduction of cytochrome c mediated by redox dyes, the speeds of reduction differ depending on the activities of the dyes. Inhibition using cyclohexanol occured in the presence of nile blue or methylene blue, and showed competitive inhibition. In the case of using neutral red as a mediator, the reduction was accelerated by adding cyclohexanol. Reaction rate constants of this reaction were independent of the redox potential of the redox dyes. 

Figure 4. Relations of catalytic rate constants and redox potential in the reduction of cytochrome c mediated by redox dyes with 3-CD-dihydronicotinamide.

The most important step in the reduction of cytochrome c mediated by various redox dyes was ascertained to be the complex formation between 3 CD NAH and each dye. When there was sufficient complex formation between 3 CD-NAH and a mediator then the reduction of cytochrome c could be enhanced greatly. 

Another application for photoswitchable enzymes attached to gold surfaces is the cytochrome c-mediated biocatalysed reduction of O2 by cytochrome oxidase, using a functional pyridine-nitrospiropyran photoiso-merisable mixed monolayer electrode (see Sect. 6.1, Fig. 39) [8,16,17]. 

Katz E, Lioubashevski O, WiUner I. Magnetic field effect on cytochrome c-mediated bioelectrocatalytic transformations. J Am Chem Soc 2004 126 11088-11092. 

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