Cysteamine hydrochloride

Cystamine dihydrochloride, S,5-(L,L)-Cystathionine, Cysteamine, Cysteamine hydrochloride, ( )-Cysteic acid, S-Cysteic acid (H2O), L-Cysteine hydrochloride (H2O), ( )-Cysteine hydrochloride and L-Cystine, Cytidine, see entries in Chapter 6. 

A disadvantage of the glutaraldehyde condensation method is that dimers of the hapten and polymers of carrier protein may also form. To overcome this problem, the reaction time is limited to 2-3 h, or an excess of an amine-containing compound, e.g., lysine or cysteamine hydrochloride, is added. A two-step approach also minimizes dimerization. ... 

Cysteamine hydrochloride [156-57-0] M 113.6, m 70.2-70.7°, 70-72°. Purified by recrystn from EtOH. It is freely soluble in H20 and should be stored in a dry atmosphere. [Mills and Bogert JACS 62 1177 7 940). The picrate has m 125-126°, see previous entry for free base. 

Cysteamine hydrochloride (5.68 g, 50 mmol), dissolved in 2 M NaOH (25 mL), was oxidized by titration with a soln of I2 (15.23 g, 60 mmol) in dioxane (25 mL). The resulting cystamine was neutralized with 2 M NaOH (25 mL) and treated with Boc20 (12.0 g, 55 mmol) in dioxane at 0°C. After stirring for 2.5 h the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between EtOAc and H20. The organic layer was washed with 10% Na2S203, 1M KHSO4, and brine, dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo. Crystallization (EtOAc) afforded the title compound yield 88% mp 107.5-108 °C. 

Instead of indomethacin, gastric lesions are induced by intravenous or oral doses of aspirin which can be prevented by exogenous PGE2 or PGI2 (Konturek et al. 1981). Furthermore, reserpine at a dose of 8 mg/kg i.p., or cysteamine hydrochloride at a dose of 400 mg/kg s.c. induce ulcers in rats (Tarutani et al. 1985). 

Materials. Cysteamine hydrochloride, formaldehyde (37% in water), methyl glyoxal (40% in water), and N-methylacetamide were purchased from the Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI. The extraction solvents (dichloromethane and chloroform) were obtained commercially and used without further treatment. Standard fatty aldehydes were obtained from reliable commercial sources. 

The parent compound thiazolidine can be obtained in high yield as hydrochloride by the reaction of cysteamine hydrochloride with aqueous formaldehyde at ambient temperatiue (Scheme 1) [5]. 

Tenneze L, Daurat V, Tibi A, Chaumet-Riffaud P, Funck-Brentano C. A study of the relative bioavailability of cysteamine hydrochloride, cysteamine bitartrate and phospho-cysteamine in healthy adult male volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999 47(l) 49-52. 

Landers MC, Law S, Storrs FJ. Permanent-wave dermatitis contact allergy to cysteamine hydrochloride. Am J Contact Dermat 2003 14(3) 157-60. 

Copper(I) thiolate complexes show remarkable diversity of structure, and the most common structural unit in the known thiolate is a three-coordinate copper atom bonded to /u.2-bridging thiolates (15). Parish has recently reported a novel compound in which the thiolate sulfur atom involves unusual four-way bridging (255). The compound with composition [Cui3C1i3(SR)8] H20 (R = CH2CH2NH3) was obtained by reaction of CuCl and cysteamine hydrochloride in an aqueous solu-... 

Other CTAs and inhibitors also tried (about 0.05 M) were anionic mer-captoacetate and mercaptosuccinate and cationic isopropylamine, 1-dimeth-ylamino-2-propanol, cysteamine hydrochloride, and copper sulfate. The pH was adjusted as necessary to yield the desired ions. None of the ionic CTAs reduced the measured PLMA MW, although mercaptoacetic acid at a pH of 2.2 (mixed anionic and neutral species) reduced the molecular weight almost to that obtained with mercaptoethanol. The ionic CTAs may increase the micelle aggregation number (electrolyte effect). Cu(II) precipitated surfactant, but the other solutions were clear. 

Fig. 10 Comparison between the UV-Vis spectra of LMW mononucleated complex ([Fe(CS)2(NO)2] ) (a) and dinucleated ([Fe2(CS)2(NO)4]) (b) form of thiolate DNIC of the Fe(NO)2 type CS = cysteamine hydrochloride recorded in HEPES buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.8). Reprinted from the reference [108], with permission of Elsevier, copyright 2001...

The detection limits for cysteine and Hg " are as low as 20 and 40 nM, respectively, in aqueous solution [241], However, the stability of the above-mentioned AuNPs is limited, especially at extreme pH (e.g., pH 13), so that additional stabilizers such as cysteamine hydrochloride are needed. In our recent work, a new cellulose derivative, amidoxime-functionalized cellulose (AOFC), was synthesized. It was found that AOFC can be used as both reducing agent and stabilizer for the preparation of AuNPs by a hydrothermal approach, such that AuNPs can be obtained even at room temperature. The AOFC-stabilized AuNPs are stable at a pH range of 0.4-13.5 without any additional stabilizer [259], which renders them attractive for applications at conditions of extreme pH and pH range. 

Immobilization of cysteamine hydrochloride onto poly(oxyethylene phosphate)s... 

The results from the P H NMR spectroscopy revealed that Cy was attached to the poly(oxyethylene phosphate) by an ionic bond. The elemental analysis of the chlorine revealed that the content of the free cysteamine hydrochloride in the products 3 is less than 1%. 

Nanogels based on disulfide-cross-linked heparin were prepared to promote efficient cellular uptake of heparin in order to induce apoptotic cell death. Thiol-functionalized heparin was synthesized by selective oxidation of n-glucuronic acid residues in heparin stmaure with sodium periodate followed by the addition of cysteamine hydrochloride. 

Renewable polyamides (PA) can also be prepared taking advantage of the synthesis of thiol-ene monomers. Meier and co-workers [30] studied the thiol-ene addition of cysteamine hydrochloride to the double bonds of methyl 10-undecenoate, methyl oleate, and methyl erucate (Scheme 6.8), which yielded heterodifunctional monomers at good yields. Ensuing monomers were homopolymerised, copolymerised with each other, as well as copolymerised with adipic acid and 1,6-hexamethylene diamine to yield copolyamides with TBD as the catalyst. The produced PA were obtained with Mn values of 4-19 kDa. 

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