Cylindrical squares

Cylindrical squares are ideal for checking the squareness of try-squares and block squares and for work with flat faces, since line contact by the cylindrical surface gives greater sensitivity. 

Cylindrical squares, of circular section, are designated by their length. Recommended lengths are 75, 150, 220, 300, 450, 600 and 750mm. 

Solid-form block squares are designated by their length and width and are available in sizes from 50 mm x 40 mm up to and including 1000 mm X 1000 mm. Two grades of accuracy are specified AA and A. Solid-form block gauges are made of high-quality steel, cast iron, or granite - the same as cylindrical squares. 

Figure 9,16 Comparison of theory with experiment for rg/a versus K. The solid line is drawn according to the theory for flexible chains in a cylindrical pore. Experimental points show some data, with pore dimensions determined by mercury penetration (circles, a = 21 nm) and gas adsorption (squares, a= 41 nm). [From W. W. Yau and C. P. yidXont, Polym. Prepr. 12 797 (1971), used with permission.]...

In a free jet the absence of a pressure gradient makes the momentum flux at any cross section equal to the momentum flux at the inlet, ie, equations 16 and 17 define jet velocity at all points. For a cylindrical jet this leads to a center-line velocity that varies inversely with (x — aig), whereas for slot jets it varies inversely with the square root of (x — Xq As the jet proceeds still further downstream the turbulent entrainment initiated by the jet is gradually subordinated to the turbulence level in the surrounding stream and the jet, as such, disappears. 

Textile fibers must be flexible to be useful. The flexural rigidity or stiffness of a fiber is defined as the couple required to bend the fiber to unit curvature (3). The stiffness of an ideal cylindrical rod is proportional to the square of the linear density. Because the linear density is proportional to the square of the diameter, stiffness increases in proportion to the fourth power of the filament diameter. In addition, the shape of the filament cross-section must be considered also. For textile purposes and when flexibiUty is requisite, shear and torsional stresses are relatively minor factors compared to tensile stresses. Techniques for measuring flexural rigidity of fibers have been given in the Hterature (67—73). 

Atmospheric Tanks The term atmospheric tank as used here applies to any tank that is designed to be used within plus or minus several hundred pascals (a few pounds per square foot) of atmospheric pressure. It may be either open to the atmosphere or enclosed. Minimum cost is usually obtained with a vertical cylindrical shape and a relatively flat bottom at ground level. 

Pressure Tanks Vertical cylindrical tanks constructed with domed or coned roofs, which operate at pressures above several hundred pascals (a few pounds per square foot) but which are still relatively close to atmospheric pressure, can be built according to API Standard 650. The pressure force acting against the roof is transmitted to the shell, which may have sufficient weight to resist it. If not, the uplift will act on the tank bottom. The strength of the bottom, however, is limited, and if it is not sufficient, an anchor ring or a heavy... 

Advantages of the drum are protection of contents, ease of reclosure, and appreciable reuse-resale value. A serious limitation is the inefficient use of space because of the cylindrical shape, which results in high storage and transportation costs. To overcome this, a fiber drrtm with a square cross section (Ro-Con drum) and the brtlk corrugated bag in box have been developed. 

Figure 1.3.2 gives another perspective for scale-down to recycle reactor studies. In this actual case, after preliminary studies in a recycle reactor, a 5-stage adiabatic reactor was envisioned (Betty 1979.) Scaling down the proposed commercial reactor, a 3 diameter tube was designed with elaborate temperature compensation (heating and insulation) for pilot-plant studies (Betty 1968, 1969.) Small squares in the proposed reactor represent side views of cylindrical catalyst cutouts for the recycle reactor... 

The intermittent-flush, parallel-plate precipitator is built in either cylindrical or square housings and uses intermittent spraying to remove collected particles from the electrodes. The sprays are usually located just before or just after the precipitation fields. These sprays must not be applied at low pressure if the field strength is not to be interrupted. The intermittent-flush units are used on blast furnace applications. 

Compact air jets are formed by cylindrical tubes, nozzles, and square or rectangular openings with a small aspect ratio that are unshaded or shaded by perforated plates, grills, etc. Compact air jets are three-dimensional and axisymmetric at least at some distance from the diffuser opening. The maximum velocity in the cross-section of the compact jet is on the axis. 

The kinetic energy stored in the flywheel rotor is proportional to the mass of the rotor and the square of its linear velocity. Transformed into a cylindrical system, the stored kinetic energy, KE, is... 

A sieve is an open container, usually cylindrical, having definitely spaced and uniform openings in the base. The openings are square when wire or filter mesh is used and may be circular or slit shaped when the openings are formed by... 

Figure 3. Partition coefficient of freely jointed chains between the bulk solution and a cylindrical pore. The chains have different numbers of mass-points (n) and different bond lengths, and are characterized by the root-mean-square radius of gyration measured in units of the pore radius. See text for details.

FIG. 8 Salt exclusion as a function of surface charge in a cylindrical pore in equilibrium with a 0.1 molar electrolyte. The open circles are GCMC results for 1 1 RPM electrolyte in a pore ofR = 5d The circles with a centered cross are results for a 2 1 electrolyte in a pore of = 5d. The up-trian-gles are results for a 2 1 electrolyte in a pore ofR = lOd. The solid circles are results for a 1 1 SPM model with 0.3 solvent packing fraction in a pore of = 5d. The solid squares are the same results for a pore of R = Id. 

Fig. 3.1.4 Anisotropic self-diffusion of water in and filled symbols, respectively). The horizon-MCM-41 as studied by PFG NMR. (a) Depen- tal lines indicate the limiting values for the axial dence of the parallel (filled rectangles) and (full lines) and radial (dotted lines) compo-perpendicular (circles) components of the axi- nents of the mean square displacements for symmetrical self-diffusion tensor on the inverse restricted diffusion in cylindrical rods of length temperature at an observation time of 10 ms. / and diameter d. The oblique lines, which are The dotted lines can be used as a visual guide, plotted for short observation times only, repre-The full line represents the self-diffusion sent the calculated time dependences of the...

A moving front is usually observed in swelling glassy polymers. A diffusion-controlled front will advance with the square root of time, and a case II front will advance linearly with time. Deviations from this simple time dependence of the fronts may be seen in non-slab geometries due to the decrease in the area of the fronts as they advance toward the center [135,140], Similarly, the values of the transport exponents described above for sheets will be slightly different for spherical and cylindrical geometries [141],... 

Since the surfaces of crystals have specific symmetries (usually triangular, square, or tetragonal) and indenters have cylindrical, triangular, square, or tetragonal symmetries, the symmetries rarely match, or are rotationally misaligned. Therefore, the indentations are often anisotropic. Also, the surface symmetries of crystals vary with their orientations relative to the crystallographic axes. A result is that crystals cannot be fully characterized by single hardness numbers. 

Anne has two containers for water A rectangular plastic box with a base of 16 square inches, and a cylindrical container with a radius of 2 inches and a height of 11 inches. If the rectangular box is filled with water 9 inches from the bottom, and Anne pours the water into the cylinder without spilling, which of the following will be true ... 

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