Cycloalkanes IUPAC system

As you can see, cycloalkanes are named, under the IUPAC system, by adding the prefix cyclo- to the name of the unbranched alkane with the same number of carbons as the ring. Substituent groups are identified in the usual way. Their positions are specified by numbering the carbon atoms of the ring in the direction that gives the lowest number to the substituents at the first point of difference. 

The IUPAC system for naming cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes was presented in some detail in Sections 3-2 and 3-3, and you may wish to review that material before proceeding further. Additional procedures are required for naming... 

It is of course possible to name individual radialenes according to IUPAC rules [e.g. per(methylene)cycloalkanes 1-4]. However, the descriptiveness of the term radialene may some day pave its way into the official nomenclature. For substituted [ ]radialenes we have proposed1 a pragmatic numbering system, in which an inner ring is numbered first, followed by an outer ring . The numbering of substituents should follow IUPAC rules. Thus, the hydrocarbon 7 is 4,4-diethyl-5,5-dimethyl[3]radialene, the ester 8 should be called 7-methoxycarbonyl-5,5-dimethyl[4]radialene, the nitrile 9 which can exist in four diastereomeric forms is (6Z,7Z)-6-cyano-5,5,7-trimethyl[4]radialene and the difunctionalized [5]radialene 10 is (7 ,6Z)-7-bromo-6-formyl-6-methyl[5]radialene. 

A single alkane may have several different names a name may be a common name, or it may be a systematic name developed by a well-defined set of rules. The most widely used system is IUPAC nomenclature. Table 2.6 summarizes the rules for alkanes and cycloalkanes. Table 2.7 gives the rules for naming alkyl groups. 

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