Cyclic adenylic acid, cAMP

Another cyclization of 3 -adenylic acid (3 -AMP) to 2, 3 -cyclic adenylic acid (2, 3 -cAMP) took place by condensation with carbiminodiimidazole (or iV-cyanoimidazole) in aqueous or anhydrous medium. It is supposed that the reaction of 3 -AMP probably proceeds via a phosphoric imidazolide [9]... 

Metabotropic receptors, in contrast, create their effects by activating an intracellular G protein. The metabotropic receptors are monomers with seven transmembrane domains. The activated G protein, in turn, may activate an ion channel from an intracellular site. Alternately, G proteins work by activation or inhibition of enzymes that produce intracellular messengers. For example, activation of adenylate cyclase increases production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Other effector mechanisms include activation of phospholipases, diacylglycerol, creation of inositol phosphates, and production of arachidonic acid products. Ultimately, these cascades can result in protein phosphorylation. 

The Ga proteins can be classified on the basis of similarities in their amino acid sequences and coupling to effector proteins. The four major categories are Gas, Gai, Gaq, and Gall and these are responsible for activating different signaling pathways in cells. Gas and Gai stimulate and inhibit adenylate cyclase, respectively. Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular second messenger... 

EF (89kDa) is a cahnodulin (CaM)-dependent adenylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the infected host cell cytosol. The first 261 N-terminal residues of EF are responsible for CaM binding (Duesbery and Vande Woude, 1999 Labruyere, 1990). The catalytic domain resides in amino acids 265-570 of the EF peptide sequence (Betsou et al, 1995 Escuyer et al, 1988). The ribbon structure of EF... 

CAS 61-19-8. C10H14N5O7P. The monophosphoric ester of adenosine, i.e., the nucleotide containing adenine, d-ribose, and phosphoric acid. Adenylic acid is a constituent of many important coenzymes. Cyclic adenosine-3, 5 -monophosphate is designated by biochemists as cAMP. 

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