Cycle widening

A third objective is similarly obvious. If compression and expansion processes can attain more isentropic conditions, then the cycle widening due to irreversibility is decreased, cr moves nearer to unity and the thermal efficiency increases (for a given t). Cycle modifications or innovations are mainly aimed at increasing (by increasing or decreasing a)-... 

After the 20K step increase in feed temperature, not much change could be observed for two minutes. Then the last thermocouple started to increase from 560 to 1200 K level, and the hot zone widened. The forward migration rate of the hot zone was about 5 cm/min. After about six minutes, the oxygen content of the cycle gas became very low and temperature slowly started to decline. With this the experiment terminated. 

In the first sweep, only the current for the oxidation of tin was observed. As tin was removed gradually by the repetition of sweeps, an oxidation peak grew. Although the potential of the oxidation peak was the same with the that of pure platinum, the starting potential was more cathodic, which resulted in the widening of the peak. After the 8 th cycle, this early oxidation current decreased and the shape of the peak became like pure platinum. 

In the cobweb cycle, as drawn in Fig. X.2, the equilibrium is unstable. Any small perturbation will set up an ever-widening cycle. By the same token, if the farmers begin out of equilibrium, they will never come near it. If we draw the diagram differently, with the supply curve steeper than the demand curve, the opposite is true. After a while, the farmers converge to the equilibrium and return to it after any accidental perturbation. A preliminary conclusion might be that the realization of an equilibrium depends on details of the interaction. Some deviations from equilibrium correct themselves, while others get out of hand. 

Variation in hormonal levels (especially in estrogens) during the menstrual cycle determines the alteration of epithelial cell thickness, causing the widening of the intercellular channels and consequently variation in pH, composition, and secretion amount. Moreover, hormonal changes influence enzymatic activity of endopeptidases and aminopeptidases, causing further complications for drug delivery and therapeutic schedule [2,3,5,6,10],... 

Entergy, which is known to take up challenges and participate in FOAK endeavours, supports HTGR technologies to widen applications of nuclear production with encouraging views on the potential performance of high-temperature steam electrolysis and thermochemical cycles. 

When constant-speed pumps are used, the booster pump can be started and stopped automatically on the basis of pressure. In this case, an adjustable dead band is provided in the low pressure switch (PSL), which prevents the on-off cycling of the booster pump. The width of the dead band is a compromise as the band is narrowed, the probability of cycling increases, whereas the widening of the band results in extending the periods during which the booster is operated unnecessarily. 

One of the consequences of the experiences gained with life cycle-based assessments and of the consequent development of new policy instruments is a shift of the viewpoint from the material to the product There is no ecologically good or bad material, but only more or less appropriate applications of a material. The study LCA of PVC principally competing materials on behalf of the European Commission showed, that this finding is also valid for PVC, which always had a rather bad environmental image [2] (downloadable at http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ chemicals/documents/competitiveness/index en.htm). Chances and Risks of Polymers depend on the specific application of a material and cannot be given on the level of the material itself. In further consequence the product-perspective is widened to the products (and services ) functions and further on to the consumer demand. 

The most active PM-doped catalysts maintain an activity ratio advantage of roughly 1.5-2.5 over undoped Ni through 3-5 cycles. The advantage widens as Ni deactivates faster than PM/Ni... 

Because automotive exhaust gas has a cyclic fluctuation of lean-rich composition, a component that can store oxygen and that readily undergoes redox cycles, can provide oxygen for oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons in the fuel-rich region. In the reduced state the component can remove oxygen from the gas phase when the exhaust gas cycles into the lean region. Thus, cerium oxide not only promotes the oxidation activity of the catalyst, but also widens the air-foel ratio composition range where all three major pollutants, CO, hydrocarbons, and NO can be removed. 

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