Cycle dependent process

In other materials, fatigue has been successfully described as a cycle dependent process. In this case, the fatigue life would depend only on the number of cycles, and the data of Figure 3 would fall on a straight line with a slope of -1. As can be seen, the fatigue process is neither simply cycle dependent nor a linear additivity of damage process, but rather falls between the two. 

In time-dependent problems, all the above conditions can be time-dependent functions, such as a machine heating cycle or another time-dependent process under study. 

Refinement results in realistic deliverables for each development cycle depending on what development process is most suited to the project. 

The Otto cycle is a spark-ignition reciprocating engine consisting of an isentropic compression process, a constant-volume combustion process, an isentropic expansion process, and a constant-volume cooling process. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle depends on its compression ratio. The compression ratio is defined as r= Fmax/f min- The Otto cycle efficiency is limited by the compression ratio because of the engine knock problem. 

If regulatory control is used, the cure cycles should be developed as efficiently and effectively as possible. The cost of cure cycle development is open-ended because there is no limit on the number of possible variations to cure cycles. There is no guarantee either that the results will be transferable to other processing equipment or materials because the relationship between primary and secondary variables is unpredictable in such complex, path-dependent processes. 

This is the most critical component of the entire validation process. The success of a validated cycle depends on determining the F0 value of the cold spot inside the commodity located at the cool spot previously determined from heat-distribution studies. The container cold spot for containers >100 ml is determined using container-mapping studies. Thermocouple probes are inserted within a container and repeat cycles are run to establish the point inside the container that is coldest most of the time. It is this exact point that is monitored during heat-penetration studies. 

Duration of a cycle of HHP operation is defined as time required for reaction hydrogenation/dehydrogenation in pair hydride system. This time determines heat capacity of HHP. Duration of a cycle depends on kinetics of hydrogenation reactions, a heat transfer between the heated up and cooling environment, heat conductivities of hydride beds. Rates of reactions are proportional to a difference of dynamic pressure of hydrogen in sorbers of HHP and to constants of chemical reaction of hydrogenation. The relation of dynamic pressure is adjusted by characteristics of a heat emission in beds of metal hydride particles (the heat emission of a hydride bed depends on its effective specific heat conductivity) and connected to total factor of a heat transfer of system a sorber-heat exchanger. The modified constant of speed, as function of temperature in isobaric process [1], can characterize kinetics of sorption reactions. In HHP it is not sense to use hydrides with a low kinetics of reactions. The basic condition of an acceptability of hydride for HHP is a condition of forward rate of chemical reactions in relation to rate of a heat transmission. 

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