Cyanidin chloride

Anthocyanins cyanidin chloride, callistephin chloride, pelargonin chloride, ideanin chloride, cyanin chloride and pelargonidin chloride (Prof. Liselotte Krenn, Vienna, Austria) were dissolved in DMSO. 

Anthocyanins isolated from plants were studied for their possible inhibitory action on the MDR1 efflux pump. Among anthocyanins tested in this study, only cyanidin chloride showed a slight inhibition on P-gp function (Table 9). The chlorides of callistephin, pelargonin, ideanin, cyanin and pellargonidin slightly enhanced the activity of the efflux pumps. 

Cyanidin chloride (=3,5,7,3, 4 -Pentahydroxyflavilium chloride) (anthocyanidin) Diacetyl av-khellactone (dihydropvranocoumarin)... 

Many berries, blossoms and flowers as well as red cabbage contain anthocya-nins, the intense color of which hides the green hue of the chlorophyll in the leaves. Cyanidine chloride, which was first prepared in a pure form by R. Will-statter in 1913, can be considered to form the basis of the anthocyanins, in which the color component is linked to glucose or rhamnose via a glycosidic bond. The name anthocyanin comes from the Greek words kyanaeos, blue and anthos, color. 

Cyanidin chloride 6 occurs in the petals of the cornflower (Centaurea cyanus). It forms dark-red needles, soluble in H2O but insoluble in diethyl ether or hydrocarbons. It is cleaved in molten potassium hydroxide giving phloroglucinol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a reaction which served to establish its structure. 

General methods for the synthesis of anthocyanidins have beene mentioned previously (see p 252). For instance, cyanidin chloride 6 is made from 2-benzoyloxy-4,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 12 by cyclocondensation with 2-acetoxy-l-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)ethanone in the presence of HCl (Robinson 1934). 

Cyanidin chloride (an anthocyanin, another class of plant pigments) max = 545 nm... 

Robinson GM 1937 Leucoanthocyanins. III. Formation of cyanidin chloride from a constituent of the gum of Butea frondosa. J Chem Soc pp. 1157-1160... 

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