Pelargonin chloride

Compounds 1 = 4-hydroxycoumarin 2 = umbelliferon 3 = 4-methyl-esculetin 4 = isopimpinellin 5 = esculin 6 = flavone 7 = a-naphtoflavone 8 = kaempferol 9 = quercetin 10 = isoquercitrin 11 = robinetin 12 = robinin 13 = myricetin 14 = luteolin 7-O-glucoside 15 = rutin 16 = hes-peretin 17 = hespiridin 18 = naringin 19 = pelargonin chloride 20 = polargonin chloride 21 = malvin chloride. 

Anthocyanins cyanidin chloride, callistephin chloride, pelargonin chloride, ideanin chloride, cyanin chloride and pelargonidin chloride (Prof. Liselotte Krenn, Vienna, Austria) were dissolved in DMSO. 

Although pelargonin chloride is an anthocyanin which does not occur in the natural sources used for the extraction of commercially prepared sources (eg grape skins), it represents the simplest structural member and the methodology for its synthesis (ref.30) was intrinsic to the preparation of its five analogues. The route is shown in Scheme 1. 

Anthocyanins isolated from plants were studied for their possible inhibitory action on the MDR1 efflux pump. Among anthocyanins tested in this study, only cyanidin chloride showed a slight inhibition on P-gp function (Table 9). The chlorides of callistephin, pelargonin, ideanin, cyanin and pellargonidin slightly enhanced the activity of the efflux pumps. 

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