Cutter mounting

The arbor support is now positioned on the overarm so that it is central on the running bush and is then clamped in position. The arbor nut can now be tightened with the appropriate spanner. Never tighten the arbor nut without the arbor support in position, as the arbor can be bent. 

To prevent deflection of the arbor during heavy cutting operations, it is sometimes necessary to mount a second arbor support nearer the spindle nose. The cutter is then positioned between the two supports. 

Cutters which are used close to the spindle, such as shell end mills, are mounted on a stub arbor. Fig. 11.10. This arbor is located, held, and driven in the spindle in the same way as a standard arbor. The cutter is located on a spigot or stub and is held in position by a large flanged screw. Two keys on the arbor provide the drive through key slots in the back face of the cutter. 

Cutters having screwed shanks are mounted in a special chuck, shown in Fig. 11.11. The collet, which is split along the length of its front end and has a short taper at the front, is internally threaded at its rear end. Collets of different sizes are available to suit the shank diameter of the cutter used. The collet is inserted into the locking sleeve and the assembly is screwed into the chuck body until the flange almost meets the end face of the body. 

The cutter is inserted and screwed into the collet until it locates on the centre inside the chuck body and becomes tight. The centre anchors the end of the cutter and ensures rigidity and true running. A spanner is used to give the locking sleeve a final tighten. 

To mount the arbor, the taper is inserted in the machine spindle, ensuring that the surfaces are free of all dirt and metal cuttings. The flange key slots are located in the spindle keys, and the arbor 

Cutters which are used close to the spindle, such as shell end mills, are mounted on a stub arbor. 

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Alternatively, a protractor is used to set the workpiece at 45° Fig. 11.18 stage 10. These two final stages are carried out using a 5 mm side-and-face cutter mounted on a standard arbor. 

Spot coverage detectors are normally mounted as close as possible to the point of potential ignition. Examples are the extruder/cutter in a high explosives machining operation or the compression point in a shell loading machine. Spot detectors assure the fastest possible detection time by physically being mounted the closest to the point of ignition. 

In the centrifuge shown in Figure 9.7, the liquid is taken off through a skimming tube and the solids, which may be washed before discharge if desired, are removed by a cutter. This machine is often mounted vertically and the cutter knife sometimes extends over the full depth of the bowl. 

Figure 9.7. Horizontally mounted bowl with automatic discharge of solids. A-Feed, B-Cutter,...

The Matsuzaka Elbow-Jet classifier (Fig. 11) is based on a transverse flow principle (26). The stream of feed particles are accelerated to minimize the effect of gravity, and introduced into an air jet at right angles. The particles are fanned out in the classification zone with the trajectories for particles of the same hydrodynamic behavior, ie, size and shape, being the same. Classification is achieved by mounting one or more cutters in the classification zone, thus dividing the feed into two or more fractions. A stream of fine particles of less than 5 Jm can be produced in this manner. 

The hot-cut pelletizer has melt going through a multi-hole die plate. A multi-blade cutter slices the plastic in a dry atmosphere and hurls the pellets away from the die at a high speed. Usually the cutter is mounted above the die so that each blade passes separately across the die face and only one blade at a time contacts the die. Pellets are then air and/or water quenched, followed with drying if water is involved. Throughput is up to at least 15,000 lb/h (6810 kg/h). 

Some items that were made were functional and used on board ship, but many were made as gifts for wives or girlfiiends back home. Typical items were pastry cutters, bobbins, and sevnng or knitting implements, made fi m whale teeth. Sometimes teeth were left whole, pictures were etched on the surfaces, and they were mounted as purely decorative objects (Fig. 3.10). The most common illustrations etched onto the teeth were sailing vessels, patriotic scenes or elegantly clad ladies copied from fashion magazines. 

A tool-bar is a worthwhile accessory. It is fitted to the back of the lathe and can be used to mount a carbon paddle, or a diamond-tipped glass-tube cutter. The tools are manipulated by a lever attached to the tool bar. 

Cutters which are mounted directly on the spindle nose are located on a centring arbor, and four tapped holes are provided to hold the cutter in position. The two keys again provide the means of transmitting the drive. 

There are many different types of mUling cutters available, and for convenience they can be classified according to the method of mounting ... 

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