Current efficiency average

MM Btu typical commercial rate, see www.eia.doe.gov 0.06-.0.09/kWh typical commercial rate, see www.eia.doe.gov Incremental future efficiency, current average grid is only 30% Based on NGCC, coal and current grid at 0.75 kg/hr C02/kWe Based on NGCC, coal and current grid at 0.75 kg/hr C02/kWe include C from power 27.27 /tonne C02 equivalent... 

During the dynamic phases of this cycle, which lasts about 20 s with accelerations of about 1 m/s, peak power requirement of about 50 kW for the vehicle selected are certainly expected. Evaluating an average efficiency for the electric drives and DC-DC converters of about 0.8 and FCS average total voltage of about 55 V, the above value of engine peak power means a stack current derivative of about 50 A/s. 

Decrease in particle size results in increased column efficiency. In preparative chromatography, in practice it is not possible to increase the column efficiency indefinitely, for both practical and economical reasons. Pressure drop is inversely proportional to the square of the particle diameter. Ease of packing of columns decreases with decreasing particle size. Current average particle sizes for reversed-phase PHPLC are in the range of 7-20 p,m. In preparative liquid carbondioxide-based SFC, smaller particles in the 5-10 p.m range are used due to the low viscosity of the mobile phase. 

Table S.S.4 Specific energy consumption (best practice performance) in primary energy terms for the production of key chemicals [primary energy was calculated assuming a steam production efficiency of 90% and power generation efficiency of 40% (I EA, 2009b)]. 1 toe (tonnes of oil equivalent) = 41.9 GJ. Current average energy requirements are about 20% higher than best practice. Negative values for steam indicate surplus of steam. This steam may be "exported" and used in other processes.

This act selected some dozen key residential appliances and proposed industry-tvide voluntary targets for energy efficiency improvement. If industry could not meet these volnntary targets, which averaged a 20 percent reduction in energy use compared to then-current figures, mandatory standards wonld be estab-... 

Energy factor is a measure of average service efficiency at a specified condition and hot water draw pattern. It includes the effects of both standby losses and rccnvei y efficiency of the water heater. Currently, water heaters are shipped from the manufacturers with thermostats set at 120°F (48.9°C) to reduce the risk of scalding. This is a drop from values of 140°F (60°C) that were reported from the early 1970s. 

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