Cumulative condition

The probability of failure of structures, systems or components as the result of external events is computed as the product of the full range hazard curve of the external events convoluted with the derivative of the fragility of the structure, system or component under consideration, as shown in Section 4. The fragility of structures, systems and components is defined as the cumulative conditional Pp (unacceptable performance) versus the selected hazard parameter. The hazard parameter is typically represented by factors such as the peak ground acceleration (PGA) for earthquakes, the water depth for floods and the maximum wind speed for winds. 

More recently, the distributive condition has been supplemented with a cumulative condition. Quine says that mass terms like water , footwear , and red have the semantical property of referring cumulatively any sum of parts which are water is water (Quine 1960, p. 91, where Quine mentions Goodman s earlier use of the term collective rather than cumulative ). If a predicate, y>, satisfies the cumulative condition, then... 

How do the distributive and cumulative conditions, formulated above for monadic predicates, apply to relational predicates The distributive condition is straight-... 

A satisfactory formulation of the cumulative condition must be compatible with, and so logically equivalent to, the general formulation (3) in the case of monadic predicates. But the logically equivalent version for monadic predicates must be generalisable in an acceptable way. A solution has been put forward by Roeper [1983, p. 259], to the effect that (3) is equivalent with... 

The subscript i refers to the initial pressure, and the subscript ab refers to the abandonment pressure the pressure at which the reservoir can no longer produce gas to the surface. If the abandonment conditions can be predicted, then an estimate of the recovery factor can be made from the plot. Gp is the cumulative gas produced, and G is the gas initially In place (GIIP). This is an example of the use of PVT properties and reservoir pressure data being used in a material balance calculation as a predictive tool. 

Figure 7 Cumulative AE counts versus cycles plots for fatigue tests at different loading conditions...

Examination of the cumulated histogram of localized AE sources for all monitoring intervals, in different operating conditions, suggests the conclusion that no structurally significant sources have been active in the monitored area of the SH header. 

Seideman T and Miller W H 1992 Calculation of the cumulative reaction probability via a discrete variable representation with absorbing boundary conditions J. Chem. Phys. 96 4412... 

Prolonged exposure to thermal decomposition products causes so-called polymer fume fever, a temporary influenza-like condition. It may be contracted by smoking tobacco that has been contaminated with the polymer. It occurs several hours after exposure and passes within 36—48 hours the temporary effects are not cumulative. 

Cumulative effects are those where there is progressive injury and worsening of the toxic effect as a result of repeated-exposure conditions. Each exposure produces a further increment of injury a dding to that already existing. Many materials known to induce a particular type of toxic effect by acute exposure can also eUcit the same effect by a cumulative procedure from repetitive exposure to a dose less than that causing threshold injury by acute exposure. 

Repeated exposure to elevated temperature has a cumulative effect. For example, at a given set of exposure conditions, the property losses ate about the same after six exposure periods of one month each and after a single 6-month period. 

The performance of the dmg dehvery system needs to be characterized. The rate of dmg release and the total amount of dmg loaded into a dmg dehvery system can be deterrnined in a dissolution apparatus or in a diffusion ceU. Typically, the dmg is released from the dmg dehvery system into a large volume of solvent, such as water or a buffer solution, that is maintained at constant temperature. The receiver solution is weU stirred to provide sink conditions. Samples from the dissolution bath are assayed periodically. The cumulative amount released is then plotted vs time. The release rate is the slope of this curve. The total dmg released is the value of the cumulative amount released that no longer changes with time. 

Pratt [43] made the innovative suggestion that transition pathways could be determined by maximizing the cumulative transition probability connecting the known reactant and product states. That is, the most probable transition pathways would be expected to be those with the largest conditional probability. 

If the new catalyst requires drastically different conditions, e.g. fluid bed operation instead of fixed bed operation, or if it needs substantial additions to the purification train, it is again possible to calculate the benefit in terms of the return (in reduced operating cost) on the new capital, but it is probably more informative to draw up a cumulative cash flow diagram. This is illustrated in Fig. 3. 

In this section we consider how to express the response of a system to noise employing a method of cumulant expansions [38], The averaging of the dynamical equation (2.19) performed by this technique is a rigorous continuation of the iteration procedure (2.20)-(2.22). It enables one to get the higher order corrections to what was found with the simplest perturbation theory. Following Zatsepin [108], let us expound the above technique for a density of the conditional probability which is the average... 

Participation by cumulative double bonds and vinyl cation intermediates has been suggested in the solvolyses of a number of homoallenyl systems. Hanack and Haffner (87) reported the solvolyses of 3,4-pentadienyl jS-naphthalene sulfonate, 110 (R = H) under a variety of conditions. The products... 

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