CuCl2 CUPRIC CHLORIDE

The next example was a post on the Hive by a bee named TaRa (Could be an alias of TDK. Strike ain t sure.). It is essentially the same old song except this girl proved that CuCl2 (cupric chloride) can indeed be used in place of CuCl (cuprous chloride). It also gives you more examples of technique. The more of this one has the more confident they will be in their understanding of the method. 

CuCl2 CUPRIC CHLORIDE -238.6809 1.7213E+04 7.5807E+01 2.5333E-05 -6.1652E... 

CuCl2 CUPRIC CHLORIDE 63.320 3.4880E-02 -1.6050E-05 O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO 300 906 solid... 

Some observations are important for improvement of the yield and for the elucidation of the mechanism of the Meerwein reaction. Catalysts are necessary for the process. Cupric chloride is used in almost all cases. The best arylation yields are obtained with low CuCl2 concentrations (Dickerman et al., 1969). One effect of CuCl2 was detected by Meerwein et al. (1939) in their work in water-acetone systems. They found that in solutions of arenediazonium chloride and sodium acetate in aqueous acetone, but in the absence of an alkene, the amount of chloroacetone formed was only one-third of that obtained in the presence of CuCl2. They concluded that chloroacetone is formed according to Scheme 10-50. The formation of chloroacetone with CuCl2 in the absence of a diazonium salt (Scheme 10-51) was investigated by Kochi (1955 a, 1955 b). Some Cu11 ion is reduced by acetone to Cu1 ion, which provides the electron for the transfer to the diazonium ion (see below). 

The sulfur chloride (S2C12) volatilizes along with the ferric chloride (FeCl3) and the cupric chloride (CuCl2) remains in the residue. When the reaction is conducted at 600 °C with a limited supply of chlorine, the products are different ... 

Anhj drous cupric chloride, like anhydrous cupric sulphate, absorbs ammonia rapidly the absorption is accompanied by increase in bulk, and the brown chloride changes to a blue powder having the composition CuCl2.6NtI3. The following compounds of cupric chloride with ammonia are known —... 

Diazonium salts can be converted to sulfonyl chlorides by treatment with sulfur dioxide in the presence of cupric chloride.375 The use of FeS04 and copper metal instead of CuCl2 gives sulfinic acids ArS02H.376 See also 3-21. 

This double salt is made easily by dissolving potassium chloride, KC1, and cupric chloride, CuCl2-2H20, in water in the proportion of two molecules of the former to one of the latter and evaporating the solution to crystallization. This salt, as well as the corresponding ammonium salt, is used in the determination of carbon in iron. Iron dissolves in a concentrated solution of the salt, leaving the carbon undissolved, and the latter can be filtered off and estimated by combustion. 

The catalysts for this reaction are cupric chloride (CuCl2), potassium chloride (KC1), and alumina (A1203) or silica (Si02). 

A Wacker catalyst is used in this process, similar to that for the manufacture of acetic acid. Since the acetic acid can also be made from ethylene, the basic raw material is solely ethylene. A liquid-phase process has been replaced by a vapor-phase reaction run at 70 to 140 psi and 175 to 200°C. Catalysts may be (1) carbon-palladium chloride-cupric chloride (C-PdCl2-CuCl2), (2) palladium chloride-alumina (PdCl2-Al203), or (3) palladium-carbon-potassium acetate (Pd-C-KOAc). The product is distilled into water, acetaldehyde that can be recycled to acetic acid, and the pure colorless liquid, which is collected at 72°C. The yield is 95percent. 

PdCl2/CuCl2/02 (Wacker oxidation) (palladium chloride/cupric chloride/oxygen) Sulpholane/water RT to 100 terminal alkenes-> methyl ketones... 

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