Cuckoos

Cuckoo bumblebee, Psithyrus bohemicus queens Sweden April, 1991 whole Spiders, whole from old-field subjected to 11 years of nutrient enrichment (3410 g Cu/ha yearly) vs. reference site (2-3 g Cu/ha yearly) 19 (12-29) DW 9... 

One family of these solitary bees consists of smallish wasplike creatures commonly called cuckoo bees. As their name implies, they are parasites that lay their eggs in other bees nests, thereby evading all the responsibilities of parenthood. There are several similar species of cuckoo bees, but those we shall focus on are called Nomada marshamella, and the solitary bees they parasitize are Andrena carantonica. We can designate them parasite and host, respectively. Female host bees nest in the ground, each one digging a main burrow with short lateral tunnels. At the end of each tunnel... 

Symptoms Young shoots may become distorted and wilt Flowers may be damaged. The white "cuckoo spit" if extensive may be disfiguring. 

M. Shapiro The cuckoo effect How do we know where the ZEKE electron comes from If A is present among B, the ZEKE electron can come not from B, influenced by A, but from the minority species A itself. 

Franks, N., Blum, M. S., Smith, R.-K. and Allies, A. B. (1990). Behavior and chemical disguise of cuckoo ant Leptothorax kutteri in relation to its host Leptothorax acervorum. J. Chem. EcoL, 16,1431-1444. 

Cuckoo ants Leptothorax kutteri At invasion no chemical mimicry with hosts Soon after host colony invasion perfect matching with hosts... 

Allies, A. B., Bourke, A.F.G. and Franks, N.R. (1986). Propaganda substances in the cuckoo ant Lep to thorax kutteri and the slave-maker Harpagoxenus sublaevis. 

Cervo, R., Macinai, V., Dechigi, F. and Turillazzi, S. (2004). Fast growth of immature brood in a social parasite wasp A convergent evolution between avian and insect cuckoos. Am. Nat., 164, 814-820. 

Strohm, E Kroiss, J., Herzner, G Laurien-Kehnen, C Boland, W Schreier, P. and Schmitt, T. (2008). A cuckoo in wolves clothing Chemical mimicry in a specialized cuckoo wasp of the European beewolf (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae and Crabronidae). Front. Zool., 5, 2. 

Foremost among his Palo Alto recruits was Ken Kesey. In 1959, Bateson administered the first dose of LSD to Kesey. By 1962, Kesey had completed a novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest, which popularized the notion that society is a prison and the only truly "free" people are the insane. (15)... 

As Zeydel explains in his annotation to this passage, "The word is guck-uss. There may be a pun involved. The cuckoo might refer to the foolishness of the alchemist, to the fact that he, like the cuckoo, lays his eggs in others nests to be hatched, and the word gucken, to look or to peep, may also be in Brant s mind." Zeydel, The Ship of Fools, 388 n. 6. 

One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest by Ken Kesey Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck... 

Winfree R. Cuckoos, cowbirds and the persistence of brood parasitism. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1999 14 338-343. 

Kastenberg D, Chasen R, Cuckoo C, Riff D, Steinberg S, Weiss E, Wruble L Efficacy and safety of sodium phosphate tablets compared with PEG solution in colon cleansing two identically designed, randomized, controlled, parallel group multicenter phase III trials. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2001 54 705-712. 

Finally, psychiatric drugs are seen by some as an assault on free will and autonomy. Certainly this idea has been brought to our attention by media reports of instances in which psychotropic drugs have been used solely to achieve behavioral control. "Chemical straitjackets" and other forms of biological restraint, such as lo-botomies, have been the subject of popular film and television productions (for example One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest, Frances, and Will There Really Be a Morning ). And clearly these abuses have and do occur. However, appropriately used medical interventions oftentimes work to free people and promote autonomy. 

---