CTAs

The radioautographic work suggests another model illustrated in Fig. XII-11. The load is supported over area A, with metal contacts of shear strength s over a portion of the area ctA and film-film contacts of shear strength Sf over the rest of the area. In analogy to Eq. XII-9, one can write the total frictional force, F as... 

Fig. 1. Acetyl value and combined acetic acid for acetate esters of cellulose. Designations are as follows CA = acetate(DS = 2.4) CELL = cellulose(DS = 0) CTA = triacetate(DS = 3.0). Combined acetic acid (%) = 6005(DS)/( 159.1 + 43.04(DS)) acetyl value...

Erom 1920 to 1931, after the expiration of the viscose patents, world output increased from 14,000 to 225,000 t per year, as more than 100 companies entered the ceUulose fiber field. In Europe, Vereinigte Glanstoff Eabriken (VGE, Germany), Enka (HoUand), I. G. Earben (Germany), Snia Viscosa (Italy), Comptoir des Textiles Artificiels (CTA, Erance), Rhodiaceta (Erance), Tubize (Belgium), and ChatiUon (Italy) were among the new starters. 

In the United States the new entrants included Du Pont (with help from CTA), Tubize, ChatiUon, American Enka, The Industrial Fibre Corp. (later The Industrial Rayon Corp.), American Glan2stoff (later North American Rayon), and American Bemberg. By 1941 the production had risen to 1,250,000 tons. 

Available as both film and sheet unless otherwise noted. All materials are available in PDA grades except for CTA, PVP, and PL EX = extrusion CL = calendering REG = regeneration CAST = casting BO = biaxial orientation. 

Surfa.cta.nts, Ai-Acylglutamates, sodium A/-lauroyl sarcosinate [137-16-6] and A/-acyl-alanine Na salt are used in the cosmetic field as nontoxic surfactants (237). Some of them (eg, A/-acylglutamic acid dibutylamide) are used as oil geUating agents to recover efduent oil in seas and rivers (238). 

Surfa.cta.nt-TypeAntista.ts, Inherently conductive antistats have the advantage of not being dependent on atmospheric moisture to function. Thek drawbacks include expense, coloration of the plastic, and alteration of the mechanical properties of the plastic. The added stiffness caused by conductive fillers may not be a problem with a rigid container, but it can be a problem for a flexible bag. 

Surfa.cta.nt, The primary purpose of a surfactant in toothpaste is to create a foam while the teeth are bmshed. This foam provides an enjoyable sensation. Secondarily, the surfactant helps remove material dislodged by the toothbmsh, and it may have minor effects on plaque accumulation (see Surfactants). 

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