Crystalline hydrogen bonding

Crosslinking is not the only feature that may influence solubility. Such features as crystallinity, hydrogen bonding, or the absence of chain branching may all increase the resistance of a given specimen of polymer to dissolve. Some of these features are discussed later in the chapter. 

Murray, J. S., M. E. Grice, P. Politzer, and M. C. Etter. 1991a. A Computational Analysis of Some Diaryl Ureas in Relation to Their Observed Crystalline Hydrogen Bonding Patterns. Mol. Eng. 1, 95. 

Papaefstathiou, G. S. MacGillivray, L. R. Discrete Versus Infinite Molecular Self-Assembly Control in Crystalline Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies based on Resorcinol. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 3835-3838. 

Amylose Amylopectin Granules Crystallinity Hydrogen bonding Hydrophobic bonding Isolation Fractionation Gelatinization Solubilization... 

Murray JS, Grice ME, Politzer P, Etter MC. A computational analysis of some diaryl ureas in relation to their observed crystalline hydrogen bonding patterns. Mol Eng 1991 1 75-87. 

Figure 6. Partial charge distributions in the crystalline hydrogen-bonded...

Figure 7. Partial charge distributions in the crystalline hydrogen-bonded Na2Si02(0H)2.5H20 phase, (a) Extraction of the naked [Si02(0H)2]7 ion. (b) Extraction of a small portion of the naked [Si02(0H)2] infinite chain, (c) Full network structure.

To use infrared spectroscopy to characterize the structural properties of polymers, including tacticity, branching, crystallinity, hydrogen bonding and orientation. 

Hagaman et al. (2012) studied interaction of benzoic acid with metal oxides using solid-state O NMR spectroscopy. Complexes formed by dry benzoic acid with mesoporous silica and nonporous titania and alumina were analyzed. Chemical reactions with silica were not observed, but the behavior of benzoic acid on silica was a function of the water content. The acid was characterized by high mobility as evidenced by a liquid-like, Lorentzian NMR resonance. Excess benzoic acid remained as the crystalline hydrogen-bonded dimer. Benzoic acid reacted with titania and alumina surfaces in equilibrium with air to form the corresponding titanium and aluminum benzoates. In both materials, the oxygen of the O-labeled acid was bound to the metal, showing the bond... 

A complementary hydrogen-bonded pair between N,N -2,6-pyridinediylbi-sacetoamide and uracil has the potential to develop hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers. Two homoditopic monomers 1 and 2 were synthesized 2 was composed of two diaminopyridines connected by a tartrate linker, and two uracil derivatives were used in 1. The complementary triple hydrogen bonds facilitated the polymerization between 1 and 2 to produce liquid crystalline hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers. 

Saloutin V, BazyT I, SkryabinaZ, Aleksandrov G, Chupakhin O (1995) Crystalline hydrogen-bonded adducts of dimethyl sulphoxide and 7-hydroxypolyfluoroquinolones (chromones). J Fluorine Chem 74 15-18... 

In order to improve the accessibility of crystalline cellulose [24], the swelling of cellulose in ammonia or in molecules such as amines is a simple and classical way. This procedure leads to cellulose IIIi from cellulose I (native cellulose) and has been frequently used to improve the reactivity of crystalline cellulose for the preparation of derivatives in better yields [25-26], Indeed, this conversion carried out essentially at a solid-state process that keeps the integrity of the cellulose microfibrils while achieving a substantial decrystallization and a reorganization of the intra-crystalline hydrogen bond pattern of cellulose [27-28],... 

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