Crystal growth oxides

The state of the art and all the questions related to the M(dmit)2 systems such as crystal growth, oxidation state, stacking, conducting and superconducting properties can be found in the excellent review by Cassoux and Valade [61]. 

There is little data available to quantify these factors. The loss of catalyst surface area with high temperatures is well-known (136). One hundred hours of dry heat at 900°C are usually sufficient to reduce alumina surface area from 120 to 40 m2/g. Platinum crystallites can grow from 30 A to 600 A in diameter, and metal surface area declines from 20 m2/g to 1 m2/g. Crystal growth and microstructure changes are thermodynamically favored (137). Alumina can react with copper oxide and nickel oxide to form aluminates, with great loss of surface area and catalytic activity. The loss of metals by carbonyl formation and the loss of ruthenium by oxide formation have been mentioned before. 

Balog, M., Schieber, M., Patai, S., andMichman, M., Thin Films of Metal Oxides on Silicon by Chemical Vapor Deposition with Organometallic Compounds, J. of Crystal Growth, 17 298-301 (1972)... 

Salt-inclusion solids described herein were synthesized at high temperature (>500°C) in the presence of reactive alkali and alkaline-earth metal halide salt media. For single crystal growth, an extra amount of molten salt is used, typically 3 5 times by weight of oxides. The reaction mixtures were placed in a carbon-coated silica ampoule, which was then sealed under vacuum. The reaction temperature was typically set at 100-150 °C above the melting point of employed salt. As shown in the schematic drawing in Fig. 16.2, the corresponding metal oxides were first dissolved conceivably via decomposition because of cor-... 

Over the last few years, we have made a number of novel discoveries using reactive salt fluxes in the crystal growth experiment of mixed-metal oxides. The most important outcome that these salt-inclusion solids have demonstrated is the propensity for structure- directing effects of the employed salt. These hybrid solids have revealed fascinating solid-state structures ranging from nanoclusters to three-dimensional open frameworks of current interest. Solids featuring mag-... 

The arrow indicates the liquid barrier layer. This use of a barrier melt illustrates that there are several ways to grow crystals which would be difficult to obtain under "ordinary" means of crystal growth, i.e.-prevention of oxidation and evaporation of GaAs during crystal growth. 

Vijay Kumar R, Elgamiel R, Diamant Y, Gedanken A (2001) Sonochemical preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline copper oxide embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) and Its effect on crystal growth of copper oxide. Langmuir 17(5) 1406-1410... 

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