Cryptic vascular malformations

Ciricillo SF, Dillon WP, Fink ME, Edwards MS (1994) Progression of multiple cryptic vascular malformations associated with anomalous venous drainage. Case report. J Neurosurg 81 477-481... 

Crawford and Russell (1956) first coined the term "cryptic vascular malformation in reference to small, clinically "latent vascular lesions , that resulted in either apoplectic cerebral hemorrhage or signs of growing mass lesion. Most of these vascular malformations were angiographically occult. 

Finally, the pathologic descriptions of all cryptic vascular malformations have been and are still confusing. Mixtures of two and more vascular malformations within the same histologic specimen have been identified by a few authors (Awad et al. 1993 Chang et al. 1997 Herata et al. 1986). Wilson... 

Ciricillo SF, Cogen PH, Edwards MSB (1993) Cryptic vascular malformations in children presentation, radiology, treatment and outcome in 36 consecutive patients [abstract]. J Neurosurg 78 354... 

Dillon WP (1997) Cryptic vascular malformations controversies in terminology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18 1839-1846 Dorsch NWC, McMahon JHA (1998) Intracranial cavernous malformations - natural history and management. Grit Rev Neurosurg 8(3) 154-168... 

McCormick WF, Nofzinger JD (1966) Cryptic vascular malformations of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg 24 865-875... 

Wong JH, Awad I A, Kim JH (2000) Ultrastructural pathological features of cerebrovascular malformations a preliminary report. Neurosurgery 46 1454-1459 Wurm G, Schnizer M, Nussbaumer K, Wies W, Holl K (2003) Recurrent cryptic vascular malformation associated... 

Vascular malformations of the brain are usually divided into arteriovenous malformations, capillary telangiectasias, venous malformations, and cavernous malformations. However, for a long time, the term angiographically occult vascular malformation or cryptic (Cohen et al. 1982 Dillon 1997 Wilson 1992) has been used to describe those vascular malformations that could not be visualized angiographically, but obviously were able to cause intracerebral hemorrhage. 

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