Cavernous malformations intracranial

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Fig. 4.3. Typical locations of intracranial dural arterial malformations. 1, anterior fossa 2, cavernous sinus 3, transverse sinus 4, sigmoid sinus 5, confluens sinuum 6, foramen magnum 7, tentorial incisura 8, base of the tentorium 9, straight sinus and vein of Galen...

Less frequently, mucosal hyperemia can occur in women during the premenstrual period (Fig. 20.2). EPX in those cases is usually modest and does not require therapy most of the time. Intracranial vascular malformations draining towards the cavernous sinus and secondarily through orbital veins may give rise to EPX treatment of these malformations relieves the bleedings thanks to the secondary venous decongestion. 

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