Cross-sectional view of commonly used cooling tower fill arrangements

It is important that no bypassing of the two phases occurs in the tower. A uniform liquid distribution across the tower s cross section is essential. This is accomplished by spraying the water over the top of the tower. Spray nozzles also help to create droplet surface and increase contact time. 

The left-hand scale gives the enthalpy per pound of dry air of a saturated air-water vapor mixture. The enthalpy of the wet air (in Btu/lb dry air) is actually the following  

There are alternate methods available for computing enthalpy values [1,2]. For our specific system we could expand Equation 5.2 to the following  

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Figure 5.3 Cross-sectional view of commonly used cooling tower fill arrangements.

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