Cross-linking of poly

This discovery was employed for the photoinitiated cross-linking of poly(methacrylate) by ring-opening polymerization of a tethered SCB moiety <1999CM3687>. 

Cross-linking of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (in Ar-saturated solution under acid... 

Burkert S, Schmidt T, Gohs U, Dorschner H, Arndt KF (2007) Cross-linking of poly(A-vinyl pyrrolidone) films by electron beam irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem 76(8-9) 1324-1328... 

When styrene, C,jt I5CH = CH2, is copolymerized in the presence of a few percent p-divinylbenzene, a hard, insoluble, cross-linked polymer is obtained. Show how this cross-linking of poly styrene chains occurs. 

Due to their three-dimensional architecture, additional cross-linking of poly(silsesquiazane)s prior to thermolysis is not required. Nevertheless, there are two drawbacks that limit their applicability as preceramic polymers. First, the difficult workup, that is, removal of the couple product NH4CI from the polymer is complicated and time intensive. Second, polysilsesquiazanes are difficult to... 

FIGURE 5.2 Cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) with maleic anhydride. 

The cross-linking of poly(oxyethylenes) with polymerizable, hydrophobic endgroups within oriented lamellar phases of the ternary system f iz s/de-cane/water was reported by Meier [73]. After cross-linking oriented polymer gels were obtained that retained their lamellar morphology after extraction of the template, and which showed one-dimensional swelHng by water. 

A logical place, therefore, to begin to examine for the structural origin of differential effects between mononuclear and polynuclear platinum complexes is in the structures of interstrand cross-links. Interstrand cross-linking of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) by cw-DDP does not cause a B -> Z transition. The inter-... 

Chemical or irradiation cross-linking of poly(ethylene oxide) resins yield hydrogeb, which are not water soluble but water absorptive, capable of absorbing 25-100 times their own weight of water. These hydrogels are reportedly useful in the manufacture of absorptive pads for catamenial devices and disposable diapers. 

FIGURE 8.2 (a) Cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) with maleic anhydride, (h) Cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) with glutaraldehyde... 

Kishi R, Sisido M, Tazuke S (1990) Liquid-crystalline polymer gels. 1. Cross-linking of poly (y-benzyl L-glutamate) in the cholesteric liquid-crystalline state. Macromolecules 23 3779-3784... 

Figure 9. Mechano-chemical coupling by 20Mrad y-irradiation cross-linked of poly[0.8(GVGVP), 0.2(GEGVP)] under isotonic (A) and isometric (B) conditions. In part B under isometric contraction conditions there occurs an increase in entropic elastic force resulting from a decrease in entropy of...

Table 10.2 Effectiveness of sensitizers on relative speed of cross-linking of poly(vinyl cinnamate)...

Doycheva M, Petrova E, Stamenova R, Tsvetanov CB, Riess G (2004) UV induced cross-linking of poly(ethylene oxide) in aqueous solution. Maaomol Mater Eng 289 676-680... 

LB coatings have been used as photoresists. In the area of ultrathin (single molecule) photoresists, spin-coated polymers tend to lack the consistency in structure and thickness necessary for these applications. However, preformed polymer LB films or polymerized monomeric LB films are extremely uniform, and can be used in these apphcations. Photo-cross-linking of poly(p-phenylene) and photopolymerization of ft>-tricosenoic acid and methacrylic acid LB films have been investigated (20,21). Etching resulted in patterns that had resolutions of ca 60 nm. (see Lithographic Resists)... 

Fig. 6. The photo-cross-linking of poly[( 4-ethylphenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphazene] with benzophenone photoinitiator.

Figure 9.30 Dynamic mechanical experiments of gelling systems such as illustrated in Figure 9.29 often show a crossing of the storage and loss shear modulus. The orossing point is then taken as the gelation point. Illustrated is the behavior of a cross-linking of poly(dimethyl silox-ane) in an osoillatory shear experiment at constant frequency, o).

Another template-free method for the formation of self-assembled tubular structures has been shown by Jiang and co-workers. They used polymeric Janus particles prepared from mixed-shell micelles (MSMs) that self-assembled into tubular superstructures and nanosheets. The micelles were prepared by non-covalent cross-linking of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) blocks by addition of 1,2-propanediamine (PDA) in DMF (A on Figure 5.45). The two block copolymers were composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene... 

Reactivity of vinylsiloxanes the model study for modification and cross-linking of poly(vinyl)siloxans via metathesis... 

The reactivity of vinylsiloxanes provided important clues concerning the functionalization and cross-linking of poly(vinyl)siloxanes. Preliminary investigations showed a limited reactivity of poly(vilyl)siloxanes in the functionalization via cross-metathesis [21]. A pronounced influence of the properties of the substituents at silicon on the metathesis of vinylsilanes was observed (Eq. 18) [21]. 

Yang et al. (2006) used a PVA/SSA membrane of their own make obtained by cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 10 wt% sulfosuccinic acid. In a methanol-air fuel cell with such a membrane, they used 4 mg/cm Pt-Ru on carbon black as the anode catalyst and an inexpensive catalyst without platinum on the basis of Mn02 as the cathode catalyst. The electrolyte was 2 M KOH solution +2M CH3OH. At a temperamre of 30°C, the current density in the maximum-power point was about 10 mA/cm and the voltage was 0.245 V. At 60°C, the corresponding values were 15.4 mAJan and 0.268 V. 

Man C, Jiang P, K-w Wong, Zhao Y, Tang C, Fan M, Lau WM, Mei J, Li S, Liu H, Hui D (2014) Enhanced wetting properties of a polypropylene separator for a lithium-ion battery by hyperthermal hydrogen induced cross-linking of poly(ethylene oxide). J Mate- Chem A 2 11980-11986... 

A. Oshima, Y. Tabata, H. Kudoh and T. Seguchi, Radiation induced cross-linking of poly-tetrafluoroethylene. Radial. Phys. Chem. 45,269 (1995). 

U. Lappan, U. GeiBler, L. HSuBler, D. Jehnichen, G. Pompe and K. Lunkwitz, Radiation-induced branching and cross-linking of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 185, 178 (2001). 

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