Cross-dispersed spectroscopy

The thickness of the deposits was determined by the ball cratering method or SEM measurement of cross-sections. The elemental composition was determined by electron microprobe analysis with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA-WDS) on a Camebax Cameca equipment and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on a VG Escalab MK2 apparatus... 

Weckhuysen and coworkers (Mesu et al., 2005 Tinnemans et al., 2006) also presented a combination of UV-vis (fiber optics) and XAFS (energy dispersive) spectroscopy for the analysis of homogeneous liquid-phase reactions. Both methods are performed in transmission, with the beams crossing in a cuvette (5-mm path length each) with quartz windows. 

Figure 12.17 (a) Scanning electron micrograph of a cross-section of a carbon/carbon composite (b) energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis showing location of silicon. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to obtain general microstructural and compositional information, usually on cross sections of the ceramic—metal interface or on fractured surfaces. Electron microprobe (EPMA) scans across the interface give compositional profiles... 

FIGURE 8.24 Cross sections of Ag-Pd multilayer structure. (A) SEM photomicrograph (5) Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) Ag elemental map of as-fired structure (C) HDS Ag elemental map after 1000-h humidity bias test. 

SEM equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) provides image of the materials as well as chemical analysis. Bi et al. investigated the cross-sectional morphology of the Nafion/Si02-supported sulfated zirconia composite membrane and obtained the silicon and zirconium element distribution in the polymer matrix by SEM-EDS. ° Chalkova et al. carried out surface and cross-sectional morphology study of Nafion/Ti02 composite membranes by SEM-EDS. ... 

From Table 2 it is observed that the dispersive NIR ensembles (NIR and NIR R) result in the best cross validated models. The potential advantages of Fourier transform spectroscopy [5] are in practice outnumbered by a more reproducible setup and saimpling procedures. 

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