Prediction critical heat flux

Weisman, J., and S. H. Ying, 1985, A Theoretically Based Critical Heat Flux Prediction for Rod Bundles at PWR Conditions, Nuclear Eng. Design 85.239-250. (5)... 

In this chapter, a review of the literature dealing with the aforementioned topics is presented. Additionally, flow pattern, pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux predictive methods are presented. The main findings of a recently published study by Ribatski et al. [2] evaluating pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient predictive methods by comparing their results against a broad database from the literature are also discussed. At the end of the chapter, the current leading prediction methods for two-phase flow and boiling in microchannels are presented. The interested reader can also refer to a later referenced website by Thome [55], where numerous videos of two-phase flows in microchannels are available. 

Gaspaii, G.P., Hassid, A., and F. Lucchini. 1975. A rod-centered subchannel analysis with turbulent (enthalpy) mixing for critical heat flux prediction in rod clusters cooled by boiling water. Proceedings of the 5th International Heat Transfer Conference, September 3-7,1974. CONF-740925, Tokyo, Japan. 

L7. Levy, S., Prediction of the critical heat flux in forced convection flow, GEAP-3961... 

As boiling in micro-channel heat sinks is an attractive method for cooling computer CPUs and other high-heat flux devices (such as laser diodes), it is of crucial importance to accurately predict the critical heat flux (CHF) in the small-diameter channels. Critical heat flux or burnout is a limiting value for safe operation of heat dis-... 

Qu W, Mudawar 1 (2002a) Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single-phase micro-channel heat sink. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 45 2549-2565 Qu W, Mudawar 1 (2004) Measurement and correlation of critical heat flux in two-phase micro-channel heat sinks. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 47 2045-2059 Qu W, Mudawar 1 (2002b) Prediction and measurement of incipient boiUng heat flux in micro-channel heat sinks. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 45 3933-3945... 

Zhao YH, Masuoka T, Tsuruta T (2002) Unified theoretical prediction of fully developed nucleate boiling and critical heat flux based on a dynamic microlayer model. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 45 3189-3197... 

A theoretical model for the prediction of the critical heat flux of refrigerants flowing in heated, round micro-channels has been developed by Revellin and Thome (2008). The model is based on the two-phase conservation equations and includes the effect of the height of the interfacial waves of the annular film. Validation has been carried out by comparing the model with experimental results presented by Wojtan et al. (2006), Qu and Mudawar (2004), Bowers and Mudawar (1994), Lazareck and Black (1982). More than 96% of the data for water and R-113, R-134a, R-245fa were predicted within 20%. 

ReveUin R, Thome J. (2008) A theoretical model for the prediction of the critical hat flux in heated micro-channel. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 51 1216-1225 Roach GM, Abdel-Khahk SI, Ghiaasiaan SM, Dowling MF, Jeter SM (1999) Low-flow critical heat flux in heated microchannels. Nucl Sd Eng 131 411 25 Robinson AJ, Judd RL (2001) Bubble growth in a uniform and spatially distributed temperature field. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 44 2699-2710... 

Mostinski also gives a reduced pressure equation for predicting the maximum critical heat flux ... 

S.4.6.2 Critical heat flux in horizontal tubes. Horizontal CHF data are rather meager, so correlations for predicting such cases are less accurate than for vertical flows. Groeneveld et al. (1986) suggested that use be made of a correction factor, K, such that... 

Gaspari, G. P., A. Hassid, and G. Vanoli, 1968, Critical Heat Flux (CHF) Prediction in Complex Geometries (Annuli and Clusters) from a Correlation Developed for Circular Conduits, Rep. CISE-R-276, CISE, Milan, Italy. (5)... 

Levy, S., J. M. Healzer, and D. Abdollahian, 1980, Prediction of Critical Heat Flux for Annular Flow in Vertical Pipes, EPRI NP-1619, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. (5)... 

Staub, F. W., 1967, The Void Fraction in Subcooled Boiling—Prediction of the Initial Point of Net Vapor Generation, ASME Paper 67-HT-36, National Heat Transfer Conf., ASME, New York. (3) Staub, F. W., 1969, Two Phase Fluid Modeling, The Critical Heat Flux, Nuclear Sci. Eng. 3J.T 90-199. (5)... 

Weisman, J., 1985, Theoretically Based Predictions of Critical Heat Flux in Rod Bundles, Third Int. 

Weisman, J., 1992, The Current Status of Theoretically Based Approaches to the Prediction of the Critical Heat Flux in Flow Boiling, Nuclear Techno . 99.1-21. (1)... 

Macbeth (M5) has recently written a detailed review on the subject of burn-out. The review contains a number of correlations for predicting the maximum heat flux before burn-out occurs. These correlations include a dependence upon the tube geometry, the fluid being heated, the liquid velocity, and numerous other properties, as well as the method of heating. Sil-vestri (S6) has reviewed the fluid mechanics and heat transfer of two-phase annular dispersed flows with particular emphasis on the critical heat flux that leads to burn-out. Silvestri has stated that phenomena responsible for burn-out, due to the formation of a vapor film between the wall and the liquid, are believed to be substantially different from phenomena causing burn-out due to the formation of dry spots that produce the liquid-deficient heat transfer region. It is known that the value of the liquid holdup at which dry spots first appear is dependent on the heat flux qmi. The correlations presented by Silvestri and Macbeth (S6, M5) can be used to estimate the burn-out conditions. 

The critical heat flux in pool boiling can be predicted reasonably closely by an equation developed by Zuber et al. [45] and Lienhard and Dhir [46], as reported by Hewitt et al. [30]. 

Revellin, R. and Thome, J.R., A Theoretical Model for the Prediction of the Critical Heat Flux in Heated Microchannels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 51, 1216-1225, (2008). 

R. A. Pabisz Jr. and A. E. Bergles, Using Pressure Drop to Predict the Critical Heat Flux in Multiple Tube, Subcooled Boiling Systems, Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, vol. 2, pp. 851-858, Edizioni ETS, Pisa, Italy, 1997. 

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