Crest factor

In most cases, the loudness of the result of mixing two signals corresponds to the RMS value of the sum, and not the peak value, so scaling by the L2 norm is appropriate. Leaving headroom for the resulting signal s crest factor (the ratio of the peak to the... 

Crest factor — Ratio between the peak value and the root mean square (RMS) value of a periodic waveform. Figure FI indicates the crest factor of two periodic waveforms. Crest factor is one indication of the distortion of a periodic waveform from its ideal characteristics. 

FIGURE 1.1 Crest factor for sinusoidal and square waveforms. 

Output Voltage Range Open Circuit, Epeak-peak f 0 Output Power Range (W) Frequency (kHz) Crest Factor (i peak) j Duty Cycle (%)... 

Spray Another term for fulguration. Sometimes, this waveform has a higher crest factor than fulguration. 

The crest factor C is a measure for the ratio between peak amplitude and Root Mean Square (RMS) value of a signal ... 

The waveform used is more or less pure sinusoidal in cut mode, but highly pulsed with a crest factor of 10 or more for the spread coagulation mode. In spread coagulation, tissue contact is not critical the current is passed to the tissue mostly hy fulguration... 

Unintended tissue destruction occurs at tissue constriction sites where the current density is high. Burns can occur at current densities above about 100 mA/cm in 10 s. Peak voltage above 3 kV due to high crest factors in coagulation makes the insulation critical and high voltage insulation breakdowns may result in tissue bums. 

If more than 7 components are in use (k > 7), the optimal crest factor (optCF) of the multisine signal can be lower than of a single sine wave (1.414) as shown in Fig. 14. 

Impedance Detection, Fig. 14 Optimal crest factors (CF) depending on the mmiber k > 5 of frequency components fj, 2fi,3fi,4fi,...,16fiinthe multisine signal the level CF = 1.414 corresponds to the crest factor of a single sine wave signal (k = 1)... 

FIGURE 20.4 Illustration of the crest factor in voltage measurements. 

The ratio of the true peak to the RMS value is called the crest factor. For any signal but an ideal square wave the crest factor will be greater than 1, as illustrated in Fig. 20.4. As the measured signal becomes more peaked, the crest factor increases. 

Load power factor (PF) range crest factor (CF) PF 0.6 to 1 CF 3... 

This actually means that, once the time history has been transferred to the frequency domain and PSD assessed, the value of a peak, for instance the stress amplitude Sa, can be calculated by multiplying the area under the peak curve by 1.414. 2 is also called crest factor. 

Another type of conversion is needed for the comparison of finite energy signals and stationary signals. In particular, conversion from a PSD to the equivalent amplitude requires that a minimum of two factors be specified a bandwidth and a crest factor. 

Given a crest factor, the equivalent amplitude can be estimated from a PSD using... 

The second factor needed when comparing stationary and transient signals is called a crest factor, and is defined as the ratio of peak amplitude to RMS amplitude. The correct choice of crest factor depends on the nature of the signal in question. Broadband Gaussian noise will... 

FIGURE 19 Sine wave switched off for a° (b) relationship between crest factor and a. 

---