Crassulaceae

In the genus Kalanchoe, K, blossfeldiana is studied most frequently. Interestingly, in var. Tom Thumb, CAM is only demonstratable when grown in short days (Queiroz, 1965). As well as K. blossfeldiana, K. marmorata (Milburn et al., 1968 Nishida, 1963), X. welwitchii (Nuernbergk, 1961), and K. crenata (Lyndon, 1962) are known to be CAM plants. 

Of the Sedum species, S. confusum, S. pachyphyllum, S. rubrotinctum, and S, spectabile were shown by Holdsworth (1971) to have CAM, and S. telephium and S. telephoides were studied by Rouhani et al. (1973). Sedum praealtum (Fig. 1.7) was shown to have a distinct diurnal fluctuation of organic acids by Wood (1952). In Sedum acre CAM can be induced by stress (Kluge, 1977 b). 

The Crassulaceae are a reasonably large family with some 30 or more genera and over 1000 species. The largest genera are Crassula, Sedum, and Kalanchoe. Most are distinctly leaf succulents (Lawrence, 1955). 

By and large, they are mostly northern hemisphere plants occurring principally in the arid regions of south central Asia, Mexico, the Mediterranean, but also extremely abundant in the tropics of South Africa (Fig. 1.9). There are virtually none in Oceania, Australia, and only a few species in South America. 

In all probability, most of the Crassulaceae have CAM or at least may perform CAM under certain environmental conditions as shown for Sedum acre (Kluge, 1977 b). 

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By way of contrast, a study of the leaf cuticle alkanes of Sedum lanceolatum Torrey (Crassulaceae) from 44 populations showed no correlation with elevation. 

Arnica (Asteraceae), a Note on Sedum (Crassulaceae), and a Comment on Antennaria (Asteraceae)... 

The synthetic P-o-glucopyranoside 30 was converted to the cyanoglucoside rho-diocyanoside A (38a), which was isolated from the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. (Crassulaceae) and found to show antiallergic activity in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in rat. Acetylation of 30 gave an acetate (98% yield) which was subjected to ozonolysis to afford the aldehyde 39. The Horner-Emmons reaction of 39 using diethyl (l-cyanoethyl)phosphonate furnished (Z)-40a (32% yield from 30) and ( )-40b (10% yield from 30). The physical... 

Golden root (Roseroot, R. rosea L., Crassulaceae) has been used for a long time as a resource in Chinese traditional medicine to enhance the body s resistance against fatigue and to extend human life. Rosavin (121) was isolated as one of the chemical constituents of R. rosea by Kurkin et al. and 4-methoxycinnamyl 6-G-(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)-(3-D-glucopyranoside (122) and cinnamyl 6-0-(p-D-xylopyranosyl)-(3-D-glucopyranoside (123) were also isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of R. rosea by Ari et al. (Fig. 27). 

Botha, C.J., Van der Lugt, J.J., Erasmus, G.L., Kellerman, T.S., Schultz, R.A. and Vleggaar, R. (1998). Krimpsiekte, a paretic condition of small stock poisoned by bufadienolide-containing plants of the Crassulaceae in South Africa, in Garland, T. and Barr, A.C., Eds., Toxic plants and other natural toxicants, CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 407%-12. 

Glucosyl(l — 3)rhamnoside Rhodiola crenulata roots Crassulaceae 180... 

Neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside Sedum telephium subsp. maximum leaves Crassulaceae 200... 

Isovalerylglucoside) 3 -Rhamnoside-7-(2"-acetylrhamno side) Kalanchoe brasiliensis stems Crassulaceae 416... 

Hydroxyquercetin (gossypetin) 8-ct-D-Lyxopyranoside Orostachys japonicus aerial parts Crassulaceae 422... 

Arbutin (= Hydroquinone-P-D-glucopyranoside) (phenol glucoside) Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae), Origanum majorana (Lamiaceae), Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) PEP (391 pM) [115]... 

Gallic acid 4-0-P-D-(6-0-galloyl)glucopyranoside (glucose gallic acid ester) Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae), Rheum palmatum (Polygonaceae) PEP (9 pM) [116]... 

O-Galloyl- epigallocatechin-(4P—>8)- epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate ester (condensed tannin) Camellia sinensis (Theacaeae), Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae) PEP (440 nM) [115]... 

Rosiridin (monoterpene glycoside) Rhodiola sachalinensis, R. sacra (Crassulaceae) PEP (84 pM) [117]... 

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