Craig, Lyman

King Te Piao, and Craig Lyman C., Countercurrent Distribution. 10... 

Craig, Lyman C., 1906-1974 (p. 55, Plate 16) son of a farmer, was bom in Palmyra, Iowa. In 1932, with a fresh Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa at Ames, he moved to Baltimore to work at the Johns Hopkins University as a National Research Council fellow. Two years later Craig joined the Rockefeller Institute in New York City to collaborate with A. Jacobs on the structure-elucidation of ergot alkaloids. Here he developed the fractionation of mixtures by repeated extraction procedures. Countercurrent distribution (CCD) turned out to be of great value in the isolation of natural and synthetic products. The definitive determination of the molecular weight of insulin, for instance, became possible through the isolation of the least substituted derivative by CCD. For the concentration of solutions recovered from CCD, he invented the rotary evaporator. 

Dr. Lyman C. Craig, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research New York. N. Y. U. S. A. 

As will be seen, there are many variations of these processes which may differ in both mechanisms of phase distribution and operational ways. Nevertheless, they share a number of general characteristics which enable us to describe them in a similar manner. We will start with the countercurrent distribution (CCD), developed by Lyman Craig in the 1930s primarily... 

As shown, a considerable part of the modern separation methods of amino acids and peptides originated in Max Bergmann s laboratory at the Rockefeller Institute. A different separation technique was introduced in the same institute at the same time by Lyman C. Craig, in the laboratory of J.A. Jacobs. Here, from 1933, he worked on ergot alkaloids developing a lasting interest in separation techniques. The well-known method of extraction of substances from an aqueous into a non-water-miscible phase like chloroform or vice versa was systematically elaborated by him to a multiple extraction and re-extraction procedure, countercurrent distribution [25]. By this method, performed in a specially... 

Lyman C. Craig remained at the Rockefeller Institute during his entire career and was appointed Professor when the Institute became a University. His work was recognized by numerous awards. He died in 1974. 

French molecular biologist Francois Jacob discover messenger RNA. American chemist Lyman Creighton Craig purifies the hormone parathormone. 

Chapter I. Countercurrent distribution by Lyman C, Craig (New York, N.Y.) Chapter If. Chromatography by E. Lederer and M. Lederer (Paris and Rome) Chapter III. Gas chromatography by P. Chovin (Paris)... 

Chapter I. Countercurrent Distribution by Lyman C. Craig (New York, N.Y.)... 

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