Cracking, thermal once-through

Visbreaking is a mild, once-through thermal cracking process. It is used to crack resid products into fuel-oil specifications. Although some light products such as naphtha and gasoline are produced, this is not the purpose of the visbreaker. 

In 1934, R. K. Stratford at Jersey s Canadian affiliate (Imperial Oil Co.) discovered that the spent clay used in lube oil treating had catalytic effects. Four thermal crackers were eventually revamped to "Suspensoid Cracking" by adding 2 to 10 pounds of powder/barrel feed in 1940. This catalyst was used in a once through mode and improved the yield selectivities from the thermal cracking process (16). 

The simplest example of conjugate processes is one of the methods for the once-through light thermal cracking of oils with subsequent repeated... 

Before use, all the polymer pellets were dried at Ta +20 K for at least 48 h. Then, sheets of controlled thickness B were firstly compression molded under vacuum at Ta + 50 K and then cooled down slowly through the glass transition region. Next, samples of dimensions suitable for the SENB tests were cut from the sheets with a diamond saw, machined to produce the notch, and annealed once more at Ta +20 K for 72 h. The purpose of this thermal treatment is double first, it allows the elimination of the residual stresses induced by sample pressing and machining and secondly, it permits removal of eventual moisture which is known to affect dramatically the SAPA mechanical properties [12]. The pre-crack was produced in the samples just before testing. 

Four fractions of pseudo-compounds are obtained by solution analysis of crude oil residue or its cracked product. During solution analysis of the cracking product from thermal treatment of vacuum residue or mixtures of vacuum residue and plastics (such mixtures were used in our investigation), a first step of solution analysis is soxhlet extraction. In the soxhlet extractor, the liquid/solid product is extracted with fresh warm solvent (THF) that does not contain the extract. This can increase the extraction rate, as the sample is contacting fresh warm solvent. The sample is placed inside a cellulose thimble and placed in the extractor. The extractor is connected to a flask containing the extraction solvent, and a condenser is connected above the extractor. The solvent is boiled, and the extractor has a bypass arm that the vapor passes through to reach the condenser, where it condenses and drips into the sample in the thimble. Once the solvent reaches the top of the siphon arm, the solvent and extract are siphoned back into the lower flask. The solvent reboils, and the cycle is repeated until the sample is completely extracted, and the extract is in the lower flask. 

---