Covalent electrodeposited coatings

Polymer films can be formed on an electrode surface from solutions of either the polymer or the monomer. Methods that start with dissolved polymer include cast or dip coating, spin coating, electrodeposition, and covalent attachment via functional groups. Starting with the monomer, one can produce films by thermal, electrochemical, plasma, or photochemical polymerization. 

The microplate model for electrochemical arrays has been applied to 24-well cell culture plates, for the measurement of nitric oxide and superoxide in cultured cells [87]. In this work, the authors used screen-printed carbon electrodes, modified with electrodeposited nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, coated with a Nafion film, for NO detection. Superoxide detection used the gold array elements, modified first by a thiol-succinimide reagent and subsequently exposed to cytochrome c for its covalent attachment. Each well contained, at the well bottom, three 1 mm diameter electrodes (two gold and one carbon) with individual Ag/AgCl coimter electrodes. The device is shown in Fig. 16. Measurements employed a two-channel potentiostat, with applied potentials of -tlOO mV for superoxide and +750 mV for nitric oxide, for acquisition of chronoamperometric data. Wells were seeded... 

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