Covalent aliphatic primary amines

Accordingly, many reactions can be performed on the sidewalls of the CNTs, such as halogenation, hydrogenation, radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic additions, and so on [25, 37, 39, 42-44]. Exhaustively explored examples are the nitrene cycloaddition, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (with azomethinylides), radical additions using diazonium salts or radical addition of aromatic/phenyl primary amines. The aryl diazonium reduction can be performed by electrochemical means by forming a phenyl radical (by the extrusion of N2) that couples to a double bond [44]. Similarly, electrochemical oxidation of aromatic or aliphatic primary amines yields an amine radical that can be added to the double bond on the carbon surface. The direct covalent attachment of functional moieties to the sidewalls strongly enhances the solubility of the nanotubes in solvents and can also be tailored for different... 

Primary amine-containing polymeric particles are available from a number of manufacturers and have either aliphatic or aryl amine groups on their surface. Occasionally, a particle type may have secondary or tertiary amines present, but these should be avoided for covalent coupling, as primary amines typically give better reaction yields than secondary amines and tertiary amines are unreactive. 

The reactive groups attached to the molecules of an epoxy resin can react with several curing agents, such as amines, anhydrides, acids, mercaptans, imidazoles, phenols and isocyanates, to create covalent intermolecular bonds and thus to form a three-dimensional network. Among these compounds, due to the enhanced environmental stability of amine-cured epoxy resin (Dyakonov et al., 1996), primary and secondary amines are the curing agents most commonly used in particular aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines for low-temperature epoxy systems as adhesives or coatings and aromatic amines to produce matrices for liber-reinforced composites (Pascault and Williams, 2010). In Fig. 5.14 the structures of both an aliphatic and an aromatic amine are shown. 

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