Coupling interlayer exchange

Keywords Magnetic multilayers, interlayer exchange coupling, exchange bias, magnetization reversal, X-ray reflectivity, polarized neutron reflectivity, domain walls, magnetic roughness. 

Fig. 7.4. H only enters the paramagnetic V spacer layers in a Fe/V superlattice, modifying the interlayer exchange coupling/.

Interlayer exchange coupling r,r Election scattering rate, and electron... 

The same vibration leads to a periodical shift of the surface-state energy levels via the exchange coupling of the surface spin to the bulk magnetization. Bovensiepen and coworkers observed this oscillation of the binding energy, which with the aid of DFT calculations they translated to the interlayer spacing in picometer scale [20,23],... 

Soma et al. (12) have generalized the trends for aromatic compound polymerization as follows (1) aromatic compounds with ionization potentials lower than approximately 9.7 eV formg radical cations upon adsorption in the interlayer of transition-metal ion-exchanged montmorillonites, (2) parasubstituted benzenes and biphenyls are sorbed as the radical cations and prevented from coupling reactions due to blockage of the para position, (3) monosubstituted benzenes react to 4,4 -substituted biphenyls which are stably sorbed, (4) benzene, biphenyl, and p-terphenyl polymerized, and (5) biphenyl methane, naphthalene, and anthracene are nonreactive due to hindered access to reaction sites. However, they observed a number of exceptions that did not fit this scheme and these were not explained. 

If the cations of variable valency (e.g., Fe2+/Fe3 + ) are present in not too low concentrations, the crystals will be semiconductors. In non-equilibrium vermiculites, the internal electric field is then strongly influenced by their electronic conductivity, as explained in Section 4.4.2. If we start with an equilibrium crystal and change either pH, ae, aor a, (where i designates any other component), coupled transport processes are induced. The coupling is enforced firstly by the condition of electroneutrality, secondly by the site conservation requirements in the T-O-T blocks (Fig. 15-3), and thirdly by the available free volume in the (van der Waals) interlayer. It is in this interlayer that the cations and the molecules are the more mobile species. However, local ion exchange between the interlayer and the relatively rigid T-O-T blocks is also possible. 

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