Coulomb interaction asymmetry

To conclude this section let us note that already, with this very simple model, we find a variety of behaviors. There is a clear effect of the asymmetry of the ions. We have obtained a simple description of the role of the major constituents of the phenomena—coulombic interaction, ideal entropy, and specific interaction. In the Lie group invariant (78) Coulombic attraction leads to the term -cr /2. Ideal entropy yields a contribution proportional to the kinetic pressure 2 g +g ) and the specific part yields a contribution which retains the bilinear form a g +a g g + a g. At high charge densities the asymptotic behavior is determined by the opposition of the coulombic and specific non-coulombic contributions. At low charge densities the entropic contribution is important and, in the case of a totally symmetric electrolyte, the effect of the specific non-coulombic interaction is cancelled so that the behavior of the system is determined by coulombic and entropic contributions. 

In many colloidal and micellar systems the asymmetry in size is large enough for the experiment to measure only the macroion-macroion correlation [35], For this reason various approximations, by which macroions are assumed to interact via an effective potential, are often applied. Macroions are assumed to be surrounded by a cloud of an opposite charge and it is assumed that the overlap of two clouds results in the repulsive interaction. In a popular theory, referred to as the one-component fluid (OCF) model, the macroions interact via the repulsive screened Coulomb potential in the form,... 

The coulomb term involves the repulsion between the positively charged protons that weakens the attractions, so it is a negative term. The asymmetry and pair interaction terms, on the other hand, are a little more tricky. They hinge off of a basic assumption Your atom wants to have equal numbers of protons and neutrons, but most likely has an odd number of either Z or N. This translates into the asymmetry term is always zero unless Z doesn t equal N, in which case the asymmetry weakens the attractions causing the binding energy to go down. Similarly, the pair interaction term assumes a starting point of one term (either... 

The only remaining possible cause for particle asymmetry lies in the definition of r as ri — F2, but from the expression above it is clear that this is of no consequence. In addition to the Coulomb term, the expression for the interaction between two charged particles contains two relativistic terms. These will be discussed in greater detail when we later introduce similar expressions in the relativistic Hamiltonian. 

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