Cotton carded

Fig. 3. Cotton card with workers and strippers (doffers).

Rylander Lundholm (26) waste cotton cotton card up to 10 /g Enterobacter agglo-merans Pseudomonas syringae Agrobacterium species... 

When short (35-50 mm) S5mthetic fibers are processed on cotton cards, the flats are often replaced with stationary granular surfaces in order to minimize the flber extraction and damage. Fibers up to 150 mm in length are processed on cotton cards with workers and strippers (Fig. 1). 

The choice between using a cotton card, a woollen card, or a gamett depended on fiber dimensions. Woollen cards were used for long, coarse fibers, cotton cards for finer, shorter fibers, and gametts for fibers having a wide range of dimensions. 

The working principles of the woolen card carding and transfer actions are the same as with the cotton card (Section 3.1.1.4). The most important components of a woolen card are the tambours, the worker-stripper pairs, and the transfer roller or doffer (Fig. 3.28). 

Nonwoven Cards. Modem, high speed cards designed to produce nonwoven webs show evidence of either a cotton or wool fiber-processing heritage and have processing rate capabiUties comparable to those of gametts. Contemporary nonwoven cards are available in widths up to 5 m and are configured with one or two main cylinders, roUer or stationary tops, one or two doffers, or various combinations of these principal components. 

Nonabsorbable Natural Sutures. Cotton and silk are the only nonabsorbable sutures made from natural fibers that are stiH available ia the United States. Cotton suture is made from fibers harvested from various species of plants belonging to the genus Gossipium. The fiber is composed principally of ceUulose. The seeds are separated from the cotton boUs, which are carded, combed, and spun iato yams that are then braided or twisted to form sutures ia a range of sizes (Table 4). The suture is bleached with hydrogen peroxide and subsequendy coated (finished or glaced) with starch and wax. The suture may be white or dyed blue with D C Blue No. 9. 

Vertical surfaces collect spray primarily by impaction. Plants and other entities with a vertical component will collect some material by impaction, and typically also by deposition, as discussed in the previous section. While horizontal collectors will tend to collect all or most material that falls out on to them, vertical collectors will have collection efficiencies that are more closely related to their physical characteristics, especially collector diameter. The SDTF used a-cellulose cards oriented perpendicular to the ground and strings made of cotton or Teflon in its field studies to assess spray volumes at locations above the ground. Many other researchers have used strings for assessing airborne spray volumes in drift studies. ... 

Morey, Sasser, Bethea, and Kopetzky ( ) examined and classified the plant parts in Shirley analyzer waste from six raw cottons that had been processed through the model card room at North Carolina State University. Bract, leaf, weeds, veins and endocarp were the major plant parts present. Bract and leaf constituted up to 52 percent of the foreign matter in the cottons they examined. There was evidence that using gin lint cleaners reduced the total trash content but Increased the proportion of bract relative to other foreign-matter particles remaining in the fiber. 

Both washed and unwashed cottons were processed through a blender feeder, a No. 12 horizontal opener, and a two-beater picker and made into picker laps. The carding was conducted in our model cardroom at 18,2 kg/h, and dust levels were determined by use of vertical elutriators. The cottons were spun into 19.7 mg/ m yarn of 38.2 twist factor at 13000 rpm spindle speed in a 4536 spindle-hour test. 

All cottons were carded at 13,6 kg/hr. The Mississippi and California cottons were processed into both 14.8 mg/m yarn of 37.2 twist factor and 19.7 mg/m yam of 38.3 twist factor at several spindle speeds. The Texas cotton was made into 19.7 mg/m yarn of 38.3 twist factor at 12500 rpm spindle speed. 

The only significant difficulty in processing occured at carding where static electricity caused the web to behave erratically. The static was controlled by carding the cotton with a static bar in place under the web just as it exited the crush rolls. Processing and yarn quality results for the 3 cottons made into 19.7 mg/m yarns at 13000 rpm spindle speed are shown in Table X. Spinning quality results for the Mississippi and California cottons that were made into 14.8 mg/m yarn are shown in Table XI. 

Card web neps were higher for the washed than for the unwashed cotton for each of the cottons. However, the effects of the washing treatment were overshadowed by other characteristics of the cotton that affect neps. Nep levels were much higher for the California and Texas cottons than for the Mississippi cotton. Nep level in the unwashed Mississippi cotton was much lower than that of either the unwashed California or washed Texas cottons. However, Increased neppiness of carded washed cotton must be considered a liability. All washed cottons were successfully... 

This cotton was carded at 13.6 kg/hr and processed into 1A.8 mg/m yarn of 37.2 twist factor at 10000 rpm spindle speed. Ends down per thousand spindle hours was AO as compared to 56 for the same cotton washed on the rayon line. Yarn appearance characteristics were also slightly better for the wool scoured cotton. 

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