Corticosteroids metabolism

Is associated with changes in blood chemistry, enzyme activities, and corticosteroid metabolism (Hodson et al. 1979). 

Monder C, Bradlow HL (1980) Cortoic acids explorations at the frontier of corticosteroid metabolism. Recent Prog Horm Res 36 345-400... 

Urinary corticoid measurements (in 17-24 h, but not short-term samples) can be used to assess adrenocortical function as alternatives to blood sampling techniques (Hilfenhaus 1977). The use of urinary measurements over a timed period may provide a better indication of corticosteroid metabolism in contrast to the fluctuations observed in plasma measurements. Although some reports in the literature use randomly collected urine for veterinary clinical diagnosis, these measurements are not suitable for toxicological studies. Older methods for urinary 17-hydroxycorticoster-oids have been replaced by cortisol or corticosterone measurements. 

Brooks SM, Werk EE, Ackerman SJ, Sullivan I, Thrasher K. Adverse effects of phenobarbital on corticosteroid metabolism in patients with bronchial asthma. NEnglJMed(y972) 286, 1125-8. 

Pathogenesis of Diseases of the Sex Glands 488 Hereditary Diseases of the Sex Glands Inborn Errors of Corticosteroid Metabolism Adrenal Carcinoma Virilizing Adrenal Adenoma Stein-Leventhal Syndrome Steroid Metabolism in Liver Disease... 

Four inborn errors of corticosteroid metabolism have been described deficiencies in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and in 12-, 21-, or 11-hydroxylase [89, 90]. 

Corticosteroids exhibit a wide range of physiological effects One important func tion IS to assist m maintaining the proper electrolyte balance m body fluids They also play a vital regulatory role m the metabolism of carbohydrates and m mediating the alter gic response... 

Many factors are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, only a few of which will be mentioned here. Some stimulate osteoblasts (eg, parathytoid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and others inhibit them (eg, corticosteroids). Parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol also stimulate osteoclasts, whereas calcitonin and estrogens inhibit them. 

In general, contributing factors such as diuretics, nasogastric suction, and corticosteroids should be discontinued if possible. Any fluid deficits should be treated with IV normal saline. Recognize that patients with varieties of metabolic... 

Corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, COCs may inhibit metabolism of corticosteroids Increase side effects of corticosteroids... 

Factors that can predispose patients to developing metabolic bone disease include deficiencies of phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin D vitamin D and/or aluminum toxicity amino acids and hypertonic dextrose infusions chronic metabolic acidosis corticosteroid therapy and lack of mobility.35,39 Calcium deficiency (due to decreased intake or increased urinary excretion) is one of the major causes of metabolic bone disease in patients receiving PN. Provide adequate calcium and phosphate with PN to improve bone mineralization and help to prevent metabolic bone disease. Administration of amino acids and chronic metabolic acidosis also appear to play an important role. Provide adequate amounts of acetate in PN admixtures to maintain acid-base balance. 

The methylprednisolone suleptanate 208b, the water-soluble prodrug of the methylprednisolone corticosteroid 208a, has been labelled with 14C exclusively at the carboxamide carbon175 which was found to be metabolically stable with no loss of 14CC>2 after administration to test animals and man. 

Metabolic stress, infection, corticosteroids, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, peritoneal dialysis, excessive dextrose administration Abrupt dextrose withdrawal, excessive insulin Excess dextrose administration... 

Corticosteroids synthesized by the adrenal gland are mineralocorticoids and GC. Min-eralocorticoids regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by affecting ion transport in the kidney. Cortisol, the primary circulating GC in most species (including humans), has many activities, including resistance to stress, regulation of intermediary metabolism, and immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. GC synthesis and secretion is... 

Early IPL studies focused mostly on the metabolism of the bronchodilators and corticosteroids or the pharmacological activity of bronchodilators on the ex vivo preparation. Recently, the absorptive transfer of beclomethasone dipro-prionate (BDP) has been measured following administration to the human lung reperfusion model by two different commercially available inhalers for which human pharmacokinetic data are available for comparison [43],... 

N. Bodor, T. Loftsson, W. M. Wu, Metabolism, Distribution, and Transdermal Permeation of a Soft Corticosteroid, Loteprednol Etabonate , Pharm. Res. 1992, 9, 1275-1278 N. Bodor, W. M. Wu, T. Murakami, S. Engel, Soft Drugs 19. Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism and Excretion of a Novel Soft Corticosteroid, Loteprednol Etabonate, in Rats , Pharm. Res. 1995, 72, 875-879. 

Lord et al. analyzed a mixture of steroids by CEC-ESI/MS and interfaced externally tapered CEC columns in both sheathless and sheath-flow arrangement. Sensitivity was found 20-fold higher in the sheathless configuration. The same conclusion was drawn by Warriner et ah, who evaluated CEC-nanospray/MS vs. CEC-microspray/MS with an ion trap using five corticosteroids. Cahours et al. used CEC-ESI/MS for a drug metabolism study and obtained a simultaneous baseline separation of flunitrazepam and its major metabolites. For CEC-ESI/MS coupling, the commercially available packed-CEC column was connected... 

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