Corpus cardiacum

Clynen, E., Baggerman, G., Veelaert, D., Cerstiaens, A., Van der Horst, D., Harthoorn, L., Derua, R., Waelkens, E., De Loof, A., Schoofs, L. (2001). Peptidomics of the pars intercerebralis-corpus cardiacum complex of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 1929-1939. 

Amidines. After the initial observation that formamidines are agonists for OA receptors in the firefly (14,15 58), these compounds have been shown to mimic OA in virtually every insect system known to contain OA receptors, including the DUMETi system (59)f the glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum (60) and the fat body ( ) of the locust, and various CNS adenylate cyclase preparations (26-28). The structure-activity relations of amidines as octopaminergic agonists have been examined in several systems including adenylate cyclase stimulation in the firefly lantern and... 

Alternatively, a product of the developing ovary could initiate pheromone production. JH was ruled out because removal of the corpus allatum-corpus cardiacum within 6 h of eclosion did not inhibit the production of (Z)-9-tricosene. In contrast, flies overiectomized within 6 h of emergence do not produce detectable amounts of any of the C23 pheromone components (Dillwith et al., 1983). When ovariectomized flies received ovary implants from 24-h-old donors on day 4, C23 sex pheromone components were detected three days later. Housefly ovaries have been shown to produce ecdysteroids (Adams et al., 1997). 

Fig. 8. Role of lipophorin in DG delivery to flight muscle. Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is released from the corpus cardiacum and binds to the fat body, where it cause production of cAMP and entry of Ca . These second messengers activate lipolysis of triacylglycerol (TG) and production of diacylglycerol (DG). The DG leaves the fat body with the assistance of a lipid transfer particle (LTP) and is taken up by HDLp. The capacity of HDLp to carry DG is increased by binding of apoLp-HI to the surface. Ultimately, LDLp is formed and moves to the flight muscle, where a lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes the DG to produce fatty acid (FA) and regenerate HDLp and apoLp-IIl. The FA enters the flight muscle, where it is oxidized to produce the ATP required to power flight. HDLp and apoLp-HI circulate back to the fat body to complete the cycle.

Periplaneta Corpus cardiacum Release of hyper-trehalosemic hormone Brain 33... 

Shimzu et al. investigated biogenic amines in the corpus cardiacum of Periplaneta americana using HPLC with a Neurochem neurochemical analyzer. Dopamine, tyramine, vanilic aid, and octopamine (OA) were detected in the corpus cardiacum. As amino acids, high levels of tyrosine (Tyr-4) and tryptophan were also detected at high levels. Octopamine levels in the corpus cardiacum were increased on injection of an acetone solution. 

Schmizu, T. and Mihara, M., High-performance liquid chromatography of biogenic amines in the corpus cardiacum of the American cockroach, Periplanela americana, J. Chromalogr., 539, 193-197, 1991. 

H-Pro-Phe-Cys-Asn-Ala-Phe-Thr-Gly-Cys-NH2, a 9-peptide amide first identified in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. In the meantime, CCAP has been identified in many insect species. It stimulates the release of -> adipokinetic hormone from the corpus cardiacum of locusts in vitro. Furthermore, it is thought to be a mediator in the neuronal pathway leading to the ecdysis behavior [J. Stangier et al. Peptides 1988, 9, 795 D. Veelaert et al.. Endocrinology 1997, 138, 138]. 

Schooneveld, H., Romberg-Privee, H. M., andVeenstra, J. A. (1986) Immunoc5do-chemical differentiation between adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-like peptides in neurons and glandular cells in the corpus cardiacum of Locusta migratoria and... 

The main types of insect-specific hormone are a-ecdysone, from the pro-thoracic glands, which causes moulting the brain hormone that stimulates the pro thoracic glands and the juvenile hormone, in the corpora allata, which causes metamorphosis. Further, the corpus cardiacum releases a hormone that increases the amplitude of the muscles of heart and gut, and also an adipo-kinetic hormone which regulates the use of lipids as a source of energy in flight (Stone etal., 1976). 

The first insect neuropeptide structurally identified in this class was adipokinetic hormone I (see Table I), isolated from the corpus cardiacum (CC) of L. migratoria... 

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