Coronary veins

Daubert JC, Ritter P, Le Breton H, et al. Permanent left ventricular pacing with transvenous leads inserted into the coronary veins. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 1998 21 239 5. 

The current understanding of stem cell biology and kinetics gives important clues as to how one should deliver them. The efficacy of therapeutic stem cells will obviously depend largely on successful delivery. Stem cells have been delivered indirectly through peripheral and coronary veins and coronary arteries. Alternatively, they have been delivered... 

Boekstegers, P. (2001) Perspectives on selective retroinfusion of coronary veins as an alter-native approach for myocardial gene transfer and angiogenesis. J. Inv. Cardiol., 13, 339-342.. ... 

Fuster V, Chesebro JH. Role of platdets and platdet inhibitors in aorto-coronary vein graft disease. 

Israel DH, Adams PC, Stein B, Chesebro JH, Fuster V. Antithrombotic therapy in the coronary vein graft... 

Wachsbei, R.H., Simmons, M.Z. Coronary vein diameter and flow direction in patients with portal hypertension evaluation with duplex sonography and correlation with variceal bleeding. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1994 162 637- 641... 

Conceptually, the potential complications of CRT-pacemaker or CRT-defibrillator implantation include the known complications of transvenous pacemaker or ICD implant (bleeding, infection, pneumothorax, vascular injury, cardiac perforation/tamponade, and cardiac decompensation from defibrillation testing) as well as the potential complications of LV lead implant (coronary venous dissection/perforation, contrast nephropathy, and perhaps elevated risk of infection or heart failure exacerbation due to prolonged procedure times). In addition, the passive fixation nature of LV leads raises the rates of post-procedure lead dislodgement. However, the rates of serious adverse events from the implantation procedure reported in the large clinical trials have been low. In MIRACLE, 2 patients (of 571) died as a result of the procedure. Correspondingly, 6% had a dissection or perforation of a coronary vein, but only 3 of those 35 patients required intervention and... 

Other possible modes of administering adenovirus include intracoronary infusion [8, 13], infusion during stenting [33] or retrograde infusion into the coronary veins [34]. 

Boekstegers P, von Degenfeld G, Giehrl W, et al. (2000). Myocardial gene transfer by selective pressure regulated retroinfusion of coronary veins. Gene Ther. 7 232-240. 

Worley SJ (2008) Implant venoplasty dilation of subclavian and coronary veins to facilitate device implantation indications frequency methods and complications. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 19(9) 1004-1007... 

Worley SJ, Gohn DC, Pulliam RW (2008) Coronary vein rupture during venoplasty for LV lead placement. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 31(7) 904-907... 

Fig. 8.1. Diagram of anatomy of the gastric varices and collateral vessels. AdV, adrenal vein BaC, balloon catheter CV, coronary vein IpVy inferior phrenic vein IVCy inferior vena cava G-RSy gastro-renal shunt GVy gastric varices MC, microcatheter PcVy pericardiacophrenic vein PGVy posterior gastric vein PVy portal vein RVy renal vein SGV, short gastric vein Spy spleen SpVy splenic vein...

Patients undergoing coronary vein graft, renal artery, carotid and peripheral interventions with distal protection devices... 

Coronary sinus anomalies and coronary veins variants... 

Moss AJ, Rivers RJ Jr. Atrial pacing from the coronary vein ten-year experience in 50 patients with implanted pervenous pacemakers. Circulation 1978 57 103. 

The venous blood from the different layers, which contain different oxygen levels, is mixed in the major coronary veins. The average oxygen saturation of the blood SVOj, is given by ... 

Collateral vessels commonly seen in the region of the gastrohepatic ligament, near the lesser omentum, along the course of the coronary vein... 

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