Deoxynivalenol, corn

Jemmali M, Ueno Y, Ishii K, Frayssinet C, Etienne M (1978) Natural occurrence of trichothecenes, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and zearalenone in corn. Experientia 34 1333-1334 Josephs RD, Schuhmacher R, Krska R (2001) International interlaboratory study for the determination of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in agricultural commodities. Food Addit Contam 18 417-430... 

Trichothecenes are stable at 120°C and relatively stable at 180°C, however they are destroyed at 210°C after 40 min (Kamimura, 1989). A reduction in deoxynivalenol levels of 44% in dough and baked products has been reported by Neira et al. (1997), with dough fermentation accounting for roughly 50% of this reduction. The combination of high-temperature and pressure, commonly utilized in extrusion or autoclaved food preparation, has proven far less effective, with the best results being a 12% reduction of deoxynivalenol in autoclaved cream corn (Wolf-Hall et al., 1999). 

Abbas, H.K. et al., Decomposition of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in the process of making tortilla from corn, Cereal Chem., 65, 15, 1988. 

A further method of determining the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in corn is based on DPP [33] and also on GC. 

R.D. Plattner and C.M. Maragos, Determination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry, JAOAC Int.. 86, 61-65 (2003). 

Deoxynivalenol is foimd most commonly on grains such as rye, rice, wheat, and corn. A proposed tolerable daily intake was defined at 0.5 pg/kg body weight, which corresponds to concentrations of 100-500 pg/kg in wheat. 

A GC/MS technique has been developed for the detection of trichothecene mycotoxins. The technique has been used to quantitate the trichothecene deoxynivalenol in corn, wheat and mixed feeds. The trichothecenes are derivatized with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole and the derivatives are separated by gas chromatography. 

The method has been used for the quantitation of deoxynivalenol in corn, wheat, and mixed feeds. The precision and recovery of the method have been established in our laboratory. The precison study was performed on large batches of naturally contaminated corn and wheat. Corn containing low level of DON was ground, mixed, and riffled with high DON-level corn to give a large homogeneous sample of contaminated corn with a level of approximately 1500 ppb. 

Table III. Precision Data on Wheat and Corn Artificially Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol...

Huff, W.E., and Hagler, W.M., Jr. (1985). Density segregation of corn and wheat naturally contaminated with aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone. J Food Protect., 48, 416-420. 

Thiel, P.G., Meyer, C.J., and Marasas, W.F.O. (1982). Natural occurrence of moniliformin together with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Transkeian corn. J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 308-312. 

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