Corioli

Princen and co-workers have treated the more general case where w is too small or y too large to give a cylindrical profile [86] (see also Refs. 87 and 88). In such cases, however, a correction may be needed for buoyancy and Coriolis effects [89] it is best to work under conditions such that Eq. 11-35 applies. The method has been used successfully for the measurement of interfacial tensions of 0.001 dyn/cm or lower [90, 91]. 

It is important to note that Eq. (34) becomes independent of the Coriolis term because the symmetrical components of P and ytl cancel it identically. 

Thus the inclusion of the geometric phase in this case adds two terms to the Hamiltonian. The first is an additional potential term and the second has the effect that 2R is added to Py in the Coriolis coupling term [see Eq. (35)]. 

In an E vibrational state there is some splitting of rotational levels, compared with those of Figure 5.6(a), due to Coriolis forces, rather than that found in a If vibrational state, but the main difference in an E — band from an — A band is due to the selection rules... 

Although, as in linear and symmetric rotor molecules, the term values are slightly modified by Coriolis forces in a degenerate (T2) state, the rotational selection rules... 

Coriolis-Type Flow Meters. In CorioHs-type flow meters the fluid passes through a flow tube being electromechanically vibrated at its natural frequency. The fluid is first accelerated as it moves toward the point of peak vibration ampHtude and is then decelerated as it moves from the point of peak ampHtude. This creates a force on the inlet side of the tube in resistance to the acceleration and an opposite force on the outlet side resisting the deceleration. The result of these forces is an angular deflection or twisting of the flow tube that is directly proportional to the mass flow rate through the tube. 

Coriolis Acceleration The Coriohs acceleration arises in a rotating frame, which has no parallel in an inertial frame. When a body moves at a linear velocity u in a. rotating frame with angular speed H, it experiences a Coriolis acceleration with magnitude ... 

The Coriolis veclor lies in the same plane as the velocity vector and is perpendicular to the rotation vector. If the rotation of the reference frame is anticlockwise, then the Coriolis acceleration is directed 90° clockwise from the velocity vector, and vice versa when the frame rotates clockwise. The Coriolis acceleration distorts the trajectory of the body as it moves rectilinearly in the rotating frame. 

Flow measurements using nonintrusive or low mechanical ac tion principles are desired, such as magnetic, vortex-shedding, or Coriolis-type flowmeters. Orifice plates are easy to use and reliable but have a limited range and may not be suitable for streams which are not totally clean. Rotameters with glass tubes should not be used. 

Fig. 17-10. Effect of the coriolis force. The path of air moving from the north pole to the south as viewed from space is straight as viewed from the earth s surface it is curved.

When the isobars are essentially straight, the balance between the pressure gradient force and the coriolis force results in a geostrophic wind parallel to the isobars. 

When the isobars are curved, an additional force, a centrifugal force outward from the center of curvature, enters into the balance of forces. In the case of curvature around low pressure, a balance of forces occurs when the pressure gradient force equals the sum of the coriolis and centrifugal forces (Fig. 17-12) and the wind continues parallel to the isobars. In the... 

In the friction layer where the isobars are curved, the effect of frictional drag is added to the forces discussed under gradient wind. The balance of the pressure gradient force, the coriolis deviating force, the centrifugal force, and the frictional drag in the vicinity of the curved isobars results in wind flow around low pressure and high pressure in the Northern Hemisphere, as shown in Fig. 17-16. 

Because at higher latitudes the coriolis force deflects wind to a greater extent than in the tropics, winds become much more zonal (flow parallel to lines of latitude). Also in contrast to the persistent circulation of the tropics, the mid-latitude circulations are quite transient. There are large temperature contrasts, and temperature may vary abruptly over relatively short distances (frontal zones). In these regions of large temperature contrast, potential energy is frequently released and converted into kinetic energy as wind. Near the surface there are many closed pressure sys-... 

Rotating unbalance residual, or bent shaft. Coriolis forces... 

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