Coppice

Zeylanicum. The second type of cinnamon is the dried inner bark of the shoots of the tree Cinnamonium lanicum Nees, a moderately sized coppiced evergreen bush of the laurel family cultivated in Sri Lanka. The bark is stripped, roUed into quills, dried, and then shipped in large bundles. The aroma and flavor of the lanicum type, which contains eugenol as well as cinnamic aldehyde, is much milder than the cassia type. 

Niederwald, m. undergrowth coppice, niederwarts, adv. downward, niedr., abbrev. of niedrig. niedrig, a. low. niedriger, a. lower. 

He was silent, looking over his land—so carefully manured and tilled, coppiced and drained, as it was by his order and with his overseeing—as if it, too, might be lost to him on the morrow. 

The uptake of heavy metals from soils is also determined by their contents in soil and by plant species. If these crops are used for anaerobic digestion one has to consider that there is a remarkable risk of an accumulation of heavy metals in soil. In the case of combustion, most heavy metals can be removed by filtering the ash and it can be used safely as fertiliser. Thus cultivation and combustion of short rotation coppice is a smart scheme of removing heavy metals from contaminated soils. 

Lignocellulosic perennial crops (e.g., short-rotation coppices and grasses) are a promising feedstock becanse of high yields, low costs, good snitability for low-quality land (which is more easily available for energy crops), and the low environmental impacts. 

The importance of trees 158 Pollarding and coppicing 162 Shrubs 166 Climbers 168 Roses 170 Caring for woody plants... 

Use sustainable resources Look for wood from well-managed forests, coppice products, and home-grown bamboo. 

Lumber is potentially the most environmentally friendly of all building materials, and can be used for surfaces, fences, screens, and supports. In an organic garden it is important to use lumber from sustainably managed forests, whatever the type of wood and the country it comes from. Look for the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) label, which guarantees that the wood comes from a well-managed, sustainable forest. Coppice wood (see p.l58) is also a sustainable resource, cut from mixed woodlands that in themselves are a valuable wildlife habitat. 

Homemade or locally made panels from coppice products or garden prunings. 

Traditionally, trees were pollarded to provide wood for domestic use while keeping the young shoots out of reach of grazing animais. Coppicing is another ancient woodcraft that is still very much alive today, being used to restore and maintain ancient and valuable woodlands In Europe. When carefully managed, an area of coppice can support a great diversity of flora and fauna and Is one of the richest habitats of a temperate climate. 

Coppicing and pollarding usually extend the natural life of a tree. An ash tree lives for about 200 years, whereas if it is coppiced regularly,... 

It will continue to grow from the same root plate for centuries ionger. Coppiced ash trees growing on wateriogged soil in Bradfield Woods, near Bury St. Edmunds, England, have been dated at 1,000 years old. 

Eucalyptus, cotinus, and catalpa are also often grown as coppiced or pollarded shrubs in shrub or mixed borders since their leaves become strikingly larger when grown in this way, forming an attractive backdrop to other plants. Plants may be cut back annually or, to make a more substantial presence in the garden, every two or three years. 

Woody material from garden pruning can be used in the same way as coppice wood. Garden trees and shrubs can provide small-diameter wood with a huge range of durability, flexibility,... 

Many species that are normally brittle can be used if they are cut in spring when the rising sap makes the branches more flexible for bending and weaving, especially if very young shoots are used. Otherwise, the normal time to cut coppice wood is during winter, when the trees are dormant. 

Langer, V. 2001. The potential of leys and short rotation coppice hedges as reservoirs for parasi-toids of cereal aphids in organic agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 87(1) 81-92. 

DEFRA (2002). Growing short rotation coppice—Best practice guidelines rural development programme—England, July 2002. www.defra.gov.uk. 

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