Copper intercalation compounds

A great deal of excitement has been generated by the assertion that some intercalation compounds of graphite possess a conductivity greater than that of copper (VIO, F13, Til). Much of this work was based upon earlier researches by Ubbelohde, who found that the a-axis conductivity of the semi-metal graphite increases, and develops a me-... 

Chevrel phase compounds, AxMo6Ch8 (Ch = S, Se or Te), may also be considered as intercalation compounds. Mo6S8 can be prepared by acid-leaching copper from CuxMo6S8. 

Graphite intercalation compounds have received widespread interest for two main reasons. First, intercalation results in compounds that have metallic conductivity. The electrical conductivity can approach that of copper metal and is highly anisotropic ratios of the conductivity in-plane to that along the c axis can be six orders of magiutude at room temperature. Secondly, graphite is a unique host lattice in that intercalation compounds can be formed with either electron donors or electron acceptors as guest species. 

Fujita, W, Awaga, K. Reversible structural transformation and drastic magnetic change in a copper hydroxides intercalation compound , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997,119 (19), 4563 564. 

Copper and iron can be doped into graphite, although this process is complicated. First natural graphite is reacted with the respective chlorides at high temperature and forms intercalation compounds, which are later reduced with LiAlH4. After these treatments, the interlayer distance increases and the surface of the material with exposed edge sites becomes smoother. As a result, the electrochemical properties improve. When the M content in these doped compounds C M (M = Cu or Fe) is too high (x < 24), the intercalation sites for lithium are insufficient and reversible capacity decreases. On the other hand, when x > 36 and the M content is too low, the irreversible... 

Armaroli N, Accorsi G, Cardinali F9, Listorti A (2007) Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds Copper. 280 69-115 Armitage BA (2005) Cyanine Dye-DNA Interactions Intercalation, Groove Binding and Aggregation. 253 55-76... 

Oxides containing bismuth oxygen atom double layers include the bismuth calcium copper oxide series of superconductors exemplified by Bi2Sr2CaCu20g (Bi-2212) and the beta phase oxide ion conductors based on the composition Sr Big j 0(2 j)/2. While the details of these two stmcture types are quite different, they have the common feature of containing BiMT double layers that are only weakly bonded. In Bi-2212, the bismuth atoms are four + one coordinated by oxygen atoms whereas, in Srj Bi9 j 0(2 j)/2 they are three + one coordinated and form square and hexagonal layers of Bi-O bonds. Both classes of compounds and be intercalated by iodine atoms that are inserted between the Bi-O double layers. 

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