Copper flowers

Atramentum Album Tenue, soft, white Atrament, Hydrate of Copper Flower. 

Burnt Copper, Black Copper, Flower of Copper, i.e., Ore — as also Ore of Hermes. 

Nerol, geraniol, and linalool, known as the rose alcohols, are found widely in nature. Nerol and geraniol have mild, sweet odors reminiscent of rose flowers. They are manufactured by the hydrochlorination of mycene at the conjugated double bonds when a copper catalyst is used (88,89). 

M Copper is the most commonly used coinage metal in the world. A further use as a bactericide - a copper coin in a vase keeps flowers fresher for longer. 

The metal copper, the rose flower, and the color green are all empirically assigned to the planet Venus, which is the mundane chakra (the macro-cosmic manifestation) of Netzach. Within the personality, Netzach is the seat of the desire-nature. Green, in Alchemy, always represents the manifestation of a power as it appears in nature as being incomplete, since the Sages hold that creation is still in process, that it is, as yet, an unfinished work. So the copper coins spoken of in the Turba are the manifestations (coins) of our desires (copper). 

Recent studies conducted in Colombia (29) appear to show, however, that copper fungicides have a certain deleterious effect on the fertilization of cacao flowers unless they are used in combination with urea and plant hormones. This does not, as yet, exclude the use of copper fungicides (38). The increases (38, 44) brought about by copper fungicides in Costa Rica appear to counteract the detrimental effects. 

When Lawson observed that the flowers of lapis calaminaris weie the same as those of zinc and that they had the same effect on copper, he worked tirelessly until he found a method of separating the zinc from this mineral. He never realized any profit, however, from this discovery (46). 

They use at Falun [he said] for the manufacture of sulfur, pyrites occurring at various places in the copper mine. The pyrites are often mixed with galena, blende, and several foreign substances. The pyrites are placed on a layer of dry wood, in long, horizontal furnaces, the upper part of which is covered with earth and decomposed pyrites the fumes pass from these furnaces into horizontal tuyeres, the fore part of which is of brick and the rest of wood. The wood is lighted below, and the heat causes the excess sulfur to distil from the lower layer of the pyrite the gaseous sulfur is carried by the current of warm air, and is finally deposited as flowers in the tuyeres,. . . ... 

Copper, burned copper and flowers of copper with vinegar also yield ios. It may be assumed that as between verdigris (carbonate) and acetate of copper, no distinction was made ios of the Greeks and chrysocolla of the Latin writers cover both. Also the method of obtaining ios by rubbing copper and vinegar in a copper mortar is given by Dioscorides as previously by Theophrastus. When Theophrastus speaks of chrysocolla, he refers to malachite or to some other copper salts or mixtures of salts, vitriols, etc. 

Of flowers of copper that fit for use should he either dark blue, a very green leek-color or in general possess a very fine color.14... 

It will be recalled that the chalcanthum of Pliny and Dioscorides was either blue vitriol, green vitriol or apparently more commonly a mixture of the two, obtained by the weathering of wet iron or copper-pyrites. The above specifications would appear to recognize these varieties of flowers of copper. Some specimen recipes will perhaps convey a more adequate understanding of the processes employed. 

It is indeed true that not all metals are converted to an oil unless they have been first prepared. So mercury should be sublimed, lead calcined, copper converted to flowers (that is, oxidized), but gold and silver yield easily to it. 4... 

During the fifteenth century the metals zinc, antimony, bismuth, and probably cobalt were discovered, together with many new reactions now used in quantitative analysis. For example, A. Libavius (1540-1616) noted how ammonia in water could be determined by the blue color formed with a copper salt. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was the first to use a solution of hydrogen sulfide (which he made from flowers of sulfur, potash, and ammonium chloride) as an analytical reagent, and he noted the black precipitate it formed with lead, gold, and mercury. 

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