Copolymers electrochemical

Inagaki and co-workers [126,127] prepared these copolymers electrochemically in order to convert them... 

SAN copolymers [ACRYLONnHD.EPOLYPffiRS - SURVEY AND SAN (STYRENE-ACRYLONITHILECO-POLYPffiRS)] (Vol 1) -use in electrochemical cells pLECTDOCHEMICAL PROCESSING - ORGANIC] (Vol 9)... 

Material Protection. The graft copolymers of ethylene sulfide on polyethyleneimine can be used as an antifouHng anticorrosion substrate for iron (439). PEIs or their derivatives are also used in electrolysis baths as brighteners in the electrochemical deposition of metals (440,441). 

Soluble and weU-characterized polygermane homopolymers, (R Ge), and their copolymers with polysdanes have been prepared by the alkaH metal coupling of diorgano-substituted dihalogermanes (137—139), via electrochemical methods (140), and by transition-metal catalyzed routes (105), as with the synthesis of polysdanes. 

One of the major drawbacks to many promising copolymers is their unsatisfactory electrochemical stability. Carbonyl groups which feature in many of the back-bone/chain linking groups are likely to cause stability concerns. Likewise, urethane, alcohol, and siloxane functions are sensitive to lithium metal. With this in mind, a recent trend has been to find synthetic routes to amorphous structures with... 

As has been shown in Ref. [49], the character of bonding of Hb by other macro- and heteroreticular carboxylic CP reflects the structural and electrochemical features of synthetic copolymers. 

Pyrrole derivatives substituted in positions 1-, 3-, or 4- have also been electrochemically polymerized (positions 2- and 5- must be free for polymerization). Besides homopolymers, copolymers can also be prepared in this way. Other nitrogen heterocycles that have been polymerized by anodic oxidation include carbazole, pyridazine, indole, and their various substitution derivatives. 

A large number of different pyrrole-based polymers have now been electrochemically synthesised, using a variety of conditions, and these are summarised in Table 2, although it should be noted that the size of this field and its rate of growth mean that it is impossible to make such a table completely comprehensive, and that reports of related new materials, particularly of copolymers incorporating pyrrole are continually appearing in the literature. Water-soluble polypyrroles have also recently been reported [246],... 

Mikroyannidis JA, Stylianakis MM, Sharma GD, Balraju P, Roy MS (2009) A novel alternating phenylenevinylene copolymer with perylene bisimide units synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties. J Phys Chem C113 7904-7912... 

Electrochemical and Optical Properties of Oxadiazole-Thiophene Copolymers... 

Q. Fang and T. Yamamoto, New alternative copolymer constituted of fluorene and triphenyla-mine units with a tunable -CHO group in the side chain. Quantitative transformation of the -CHO group to -CH=CHAr groups and optical and electrochemical properties of the polymers, Macromolecules, 37 5894-5899, 2004. 

For some examples, see e.g. (a) Hogan CF, Harris AR, Bond AM et al (2006) Electrochemical studies of porphyrin-appended dendrimers. PhysChemChemPhys 8 2058-2065 (b) Jang W-D, Nishiyama N, Zhang G-D et al (2005) Supramolecular nanocarrier of anionic dendrimer porphyrins with cationic block copolymers modified with polyethylene glycol to enhance intracellular photodynamic efficacy. Angew Chem Int Ed 44 419 -23 (c) Loiseau F, Campagna S, Hameurlaine A et al (2005) Dendrimers made of porphyrin cores and carbazole chromophores as peripheral units. Absorption spectra, luminescence properties, and oxidation... 

Basura, V. I., Chuy, C., Beattie, P. D. and Holdcroft, S. 2001. Effect of equivalent weight on electrochemical mass transport properties of oxygen in proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated a,j3,j3-trifluorostyrene (BAM) and sulfonated-styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene triblock (DAIS-analytical) copolymers. Journal ofElectroanalytical Chemistry 501 77-88. 

Zhang, L., Ma, C. and Mukerjee, S. 2005. Effect of copolymer composition on the oxygen transport properties of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) and sulfonated poly(sulfide sulfone) PEMs. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 152 A1208-A1216. 

Kim, Y. S., Dong, L., Hickner, M. A., Glass, T. E., Webb, V. and McGrath, J. E. 2003. State of water in disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers and a perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer (Nafion) and its effect on physical and electrochemical properties. Macromolecules 36 6281-6285. 

Lee, W., Shibasaki, K., Saito, K., Sugita, K., Okuyama, K. and Suyo, T. 1996. Proton transport through polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-copolymer-based membrane containing sulfonic acid group prepared by RIGP. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 143 2795-2799. 

Fig. 6.19. Effect of polymerisation potential (Epoi) on the isoprene content mol%) of electrochemically obtained isoprene-a methylstyrene copolymers o with ultrasound without ultrasound.

A new polymeric separator membrane has been developed for alkaline electrochemical systems (e.g. metal/air, Zn/Ni, Zn/Mn02, Zn/HgO etc.) by Schubert et It is a water-soluble copolymer of acrylic... 

Schubert, M. A. Myers, J. P. Thrasher, G. T. Acrylic Acid-Sodium Styrene Sulfonated Copolymer Separator Coatings for Alkaline Electrolytes. Presented at the 202nd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Salt Lake City, UT. 

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