Copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene

Yin et al. [73,74] prepared new microgel star amphiphiles and stndied the compression behavior at the air-water interface. Particles were prepared in a two-step process. First, the gel core was synthesized by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in diox-ane using benzoylperoxide as initiator. Microgel particles 20 run in diameter were obtained. Second, the gel core was grafted with acrylic or methacryUc acid by free radical polymerization, resulting in amphiphilic polymer particles. These particles were spread from a dimethylformamide/chloroform (1 4) solution at the air-water interface. tt-A cnrves indicated low compressibility above lOmNm and collapse pressnres larger than 40 mNm With increase of the hydrophilic component, the molecnlar area of the polymer and the collapse pressure increased. 

Styrene monoliths have been prepared by thermally (AIBN or benzoyl peroxide) initiated copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene to result mechanically stable, hydrophobic column supports for RPC as well as IP-RP-HPLC and CEC application [24,49,134-140]. 

The formation of a three-dimensional network in the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene. Collection Czech. Chem. Commun. 32,1182 (1967). 

We are interested in the application of polymers as adsorbents, ion exchangers, fuel cells, and permeable materials. In this regard, the first resins with some of these properties were obtained by D Aleleio in 1944 based on the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene. Unfunctionalized polystyrene resins cross-linked with divinylbenzene (Amberlite) are widely applied as adsorbents [191,192], In addition, the polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins functionalized with sulfuric acid (sulfonation) to create negatively charged sulfonic sites are applied as cation exchangers, and treated by chloromethylation followed by animation produce anionic resins [193,194],... 

During cross-linking, the different chains bond together to form a certain type of network (see Figure 2.44), where the formed material is named a thermoset, since it does not flow during heating. A typical cross-linked polymer is obtained by the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene. 

Two types of membrane supports were prepared because of their suitability for characterization by transmission infrared spectroscopy. One type is made by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB, the crosslinking agent) and requires further functionalization prior to incorporation of the catalytic species. 

Cross-linked polystyrene is a versatile stationary phase resulting from copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene (Figure 7.11). The amount of divinylbenzene... 

Zetterlund PB, Saka Y, Okubo M (2009) Gelation and hollow particle formation in nitroxide-mediated radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in miniemulsion. Macromol Chem Phys 210 140-149... 

The validity of scaling laws has been tested on several swollen network systems (Table 29.9). Munch et al. [99] studied the concentration dependence of the shear modulus for polystyrene model networks synthesized by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene and swollen to equilibrium in benzene (good solvent for polystyrene). It was found that the modulus obeys a scaling law with equilibrium concentration, similar to that obtained for semidilute polymer solutions. The best fit to the equation G = Brpi yields... 

The most important cation-exchange resins are now the ones based upon polystyrene. The functional groups may be present in the molecule before polymerization or may be introduced afterwards. The first resin of this type was prepared by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene, and... 

The organic polymer reversed phases are often made by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene (PS-DVB), but materials incorporating CIS chains in acrylate... 

An interesting application of anionic polymerization is the living dispersion polymerization (LDP) which was reported by Kim et al. [302]. LDP is one of the best methodologies to prepare pm sized polymer particles. The authors did LDP-copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene using poly(t-butylstyryl)lithium as macromolecular initiator/stabilizer. 

For the free-radical copolymerization of mono- and bisacrylamide samples performed and with a magnetic sphere rheometer, t = 2.05 0.2 and for the free-radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene, using the same type of apparatus, t = 2.1 0.3. ITiese exponents are higher than the value of 1.7 predicted by percolation for an alternative theory see however Ref. 107 and smaller than the classical exponent t = 3. 

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