Cooling rates frequencies

Using the fluxing technique, Lau and Kui [33] determined that the critical cooling rate for forming a 7-mm diameter bulk amorphous Pd4QNi4()P2o cylinder was 0.75 K/sec. From this value, they estimated that the steady-state nucleation frequency was on the order of lO" m s. On the other hand, Drehman and Greer [34] estimated that the steady state nucleation frequency at 590 K is 10 m" s, which is also the maximum... 

It is clear that the nematic phase exhibits a featureless Rayleigh wing and that several distinct solid phases can be formed depending on cooling rate [79]. This includes an apparently glassy phase. The vertical tick marks indicate the calculated frequencies of vibrational modes as obtained from density functional methods. 

It should be pointed out that the temperature at which the damping maximum occurs depends on the frequency of the measurement the higher the frequency, the higher the temperature. (This is quite analogous to the effect of the cooling rate on the T0 value obtained from volume-temperature measurements as discussed in the previous section). 

Fig. 10. The densities obtained at different cooling rates at T = 0 and p = 1 for the Lennard-Jones glass. The cooling rate is the value of the stochastic collision frequency per particle, v. The number of runs employed to obtain the reported average is shown inside each point. (From Fox and Andersen (67).)...

Generator-Type of protection EEx p II T2 Protective gas air Operational mode leakage compensation Rated power 1050 kVA, 840 kW Rated voltage 400 V 3 AC Rated frequency 50 cps Rated speed 1000 min-1 Cooling air/water heat exchanger... 

Number of poles 12, 4 Rated power 135 kW, 400 kW Rated voltage 1 kV, 1 kV Rated current 155 A, 267 A Rated speed 492 min-1, 1485 min-1 Rated frequency 50 cps, 50 cps Thermal class H, H Cooling water flow 3 15 litres/min Inlet temperature of cooling water =s+40°C Type of protection EEx dl as an option terminal compartment according to increased safety EEx de I Certificate BVS 91.B.1056X/2. N. 

Rated voltage 1 kV 3 AC Current = 54 A Rated frequency (power line) 50 cps Rated power, motor 75 kW Motor speed 0-3600 min-1 Cooling water flow ... 

Rated power 800 kW Rated voltage 1 kV Rated current 2 X 272 A Rated speed 1480 min-1 Rated frequency 50 cps Thermal class H Cooling water flow ... 

The storage modulus (G ) and loss modulus (G") were measured as a function of temperature using a Carri-Med CSL2 500 (TA Instruments) controlled stress rheometer fitted with a 2° steel cone with a diameter of 6 cm (gap width 55 /mi). Carrageenan solutions (1% w/w in a solution containing 35 mM KC1 and 20 mM NaCl) for low deformation oscillatory measurements were prepared from dried material, stored overnight at 4°C and then heated to 80 °C for 10 min. The sample was applied between the cone and plate of the rheometer and covered with paraffin oil to prevent evaporation of the sample. After equilibration for 30 min at 50 °C, measurements were made approximately at 0.2 °C intervals between 50 and 5°C with a cooling rate of 0.5°C min-1. Measurements were performed at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%. 

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