Conversion, effects

When the superfluid component flows through a capillary connecting two reservoirs, the concentration of the superfluid component in the source reservoir decreases, and that in the receiving reservoir increases. When both reservoirs are thermally isolated, the temperature of the source reservoir increases and that of the receiving reservoir decreases. This behavior is consistent with the postulated relationship between superfluid component concentration and temperature. The converse effect, which maybe thought of as the osmotic pressure of the superfluid component, also exists. If a reservoir of helium II held at constant temperature is coimected by a fine capillary to another reservoir held at a higher temperature, the helium II flows from the cooler reservoir to the warmer one. A popular demonstration of this effect is the fountain experiment (55). 

Enhancers and Inducers. A sweetness enhancer is defined as a compound that imparts no taste per se, but when combined with a sweetener in small quantities, increases sweetness intensity. A tme sweetness enhancer has yet to be found. However, a good sweetness inducer, miraculin [143403-94-5] or [125267-18-7] (124), is known. Miraculin is a glycoprotein found in the fmit (called Miracle Fmit) of a West African shmb, chardella dulcifica. By itself, miraculin imparts no sweetness. When activated in the mouth by acidic substances, however, a sucrose-like sweetness is perceived. Thus, sour lemon, lime, grapefmit, rhubarb, and strawberry taste sweet when combined with miraculin. The taste conversion effect can last an hour or longer. 

All PVC plasticisers have a solubility parameter similar to that of PVC. It appears that differences between liquids in their plasticising behaviour is due to differences in the degree of interaction between polymer and plasticiser. Thus such phosphates as tritolyl phosphate, which have a high degree of interaction, gel rapidly with polymer, are more difficult to extract with solvents and give compounds with the highest brittle point. Liquids such as dioctyl adipate, with the lowest interaction with polymer, have the converse effect whilst the phthalates, which are intermediate in their degree of interaction, are the best allround materials. 

The behavior of a polar dielectric in an electric field is of the same kind. If the dielectric, is exposed to an external electric field of intensity X, and this field is reduced in intensify by an amount SX, the temperature of the dielectric will not remain constant, unless a certain amount of heat enters the substance from outside, to compensate for the cooling which would otherwise occur. Alternatively, when the field is increased in intensity by an amount SX, we have the converse effect. In ionic solutions these effects are vciy important in any process which involves a change in the intensity of the ionic fields to which the solvent is exposed—that is to say, in almost all ionic processes. When, for example, ions are removed from a dilute solution, the portion of the solvent which was adjacent to each ion becomes free and no longer subject to the intense electric field of the ion. In the solution there is, therefore, for each ion removed, a cooling effect of the kind mentioned above. If the tempera-... 

Aromatization activity of gallium containing MEl and TON zeolite catalysts in n-butane conversion effects of gallium and reaction conditions. Appl. Catal. A, 316, 61-67. 

FIGURE 1.10 Conversion effects on the yields of recycling. Yields are expressed on the fresh feed basis. 

Ikegawa, S., Honda, T., Ikeda, H., Maeda, A., Takagi, H., Uchida, S-i., Uchinokura, K. and Tanaka, S., AC-DC Conversion Effect in Ceramic Superconductor BaPbj xBixOs. J. Appl. Phys. 64(10) 506l (1988). 

All piezoelectric crystals should have a good temperature coefficient, that is. should show as little change in resonant frequency as possible under large variations in temperature. Ideally. Ihe piezoelectric constant of proportionality between the mechanical and electrical variables must be the same for both direct (pressure-to-electricily) and converse effects... 

The total surface area of the nasal cavity is about 150 cm2, with the area available for absorption enhanced by the convolutions of the turbinates and the presence of microvilli on the surface of the ciliated and unciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium. The arterial supply of the nose is particularly rich in the respiratory epithelium where the Kiesselbach s plexus lies, an area that is rich in numerous capillary loops. The nasal blood flow has been shown to be sensitive to the action of a variety of inhaled compounds, both locally or systemically acting. Clonidine has been shown to decrease the blood flow whereas histamine and phenylephrine have been shown to induce the converse effect. Such direct changes to blood flow are important in determining the rate and extent of drug absorption from the nasal cavity. 

Although commonly believed to be a desensitiser of explosives, low percentage levels (up to 25%) of diprotium monoxide may have converse effects, increasing both sensitivity and power. There are explosives regularly initiated by it, and others may be if previously subjected to mechanical or thermal stress, 5]... 

The converse effect can also occur in d-ASCs the sense of ego may be added to things it is not ordinarily attached to. A situation, for example, may call for a certain role that is not important to you ordinarily but which you come to identify with strongly. 

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