Conversion data for

Farley and Ray (F3) have reported holdup and conversion data for the Fischer-Tropsch process carried out in a pilot-scale reactor. 

Kolbel et al. (K16) examined the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to methane catalyzed by a nickel-magnesium oxide catalyst suspended in a paraffinic hydrocarbon, as well as the oxidation of carbon monoxide catalyzed by a manganese-cupric oxide catalyst suspended in a silicone oil. The results are interpreted in terms of the theoretical model referred to in Section IV,B, in which gas-liquid mass transfer and chemical reaction are assumed to be rate-determining process steps. Conversion data for technical and pilot-scale reactors are also presented. 

Fig. 18. Conversion data for H2Oj oxidation of primary alcohols catalyzed by TS-1. (A) Ethanol, (O) methanol, (X) 1-butanol. (+) 1-octanol. (From Romano el al., 1990.)...

The alkane conversion data, like the catalyst characterization, should not be considered to fit only one model. In the discussion that follows we consider first a catalyst with a nonacidic support and then consider the case where the support is acidic. An interpretation of the conversion data for atmospheric or lower pressure conversions are complicated by rapid catalyst aging. Thus, we will rely on data generated at greater than one atmosphere (i.e., 100 to 400 psig) in the following discussion. 

Figures 10 and 11 show transient conversion data for MMA experiments. As one can easily see, the shapes of these curves are quite different. The major difference in the experiments was the start-up procedure. The data in Figure 10 resulted when the reactor was started empty. In this run the feed stream pumps were started at t = 0 and the reactor overflow first occurred at t = 0. As one can readily see, the conver-. sion oscillates widely in an apparently undamped fashion.

The steady-state conversion data for VA and MMA, shown in Figures 1, 2 and 9, are qualitatively consistent with proposed mechanisms if one considers the transfer of free radicals out of particles and the gel effect. If radicals are completely free to move into and out of polymer particles, one would expect, in the absence of a gel effect, that Rp would depend on the squcure root of initiation rate and would not depend at all on the emulsifier concentration. Ley et al (17) demonstrated that free radicals do transfer out of particles in PVA and PMMA emulsions, and that the transfer rate is considerably higher for vinyl acetate than for MMA. 

Cumene Cracking Studies. Results are shown in Figure 5 for 3 samples of SmY calcined at different temperatures. The differences in activity are caused by changes in the preexponential factor rather than activation energy. The latter amounts to 20 kcal/mole. This is lower than the 28 kcal/mole reported by Richardson (15) for the alkali and alkaline earth forms but is the same as that observed by Topchieva et al. 17) for the yttrium and lanthanum faujasites. Conversion data for... 

As a simple example, consider the predicted yield vs. conversion data for butane oxidation at 715 K, Figs. 12 and 13, plotted on top of experimental data points measured by Cernansky s group at Drexel (Wilk et al., 1995). As is typical, most of the discrepancies between the model predictions and the experimental data can be safely attributed to the uncertainties in the rate... 

Fig. 1.1. Variation in the conversion efficiency with wavelength for photochemical devices with a threshold. Curve I is a plot of the fraction of incident solar power (in percentages) that is available at various threshold wavelength and Curve II is a plot of the thermodynamic conversion efficiencies under optimal rates of energy conversion. (Data for AM 1.2 radiation)...

Figure 14C shows that N vs conversion data for both purposely-induce (filled signs) and impurity-induced (hollow signs) polymerization at different [ED]s. (Some of these data are shown in the insert of Fig. 21C. The raw data are collected in Tables 4 and 9 in the Appendix.)...

There are a few methods for determining rt and r2 by using a modified versions of Eq. (15-2). Recently, the method of Kelen and Tiidos 2 3,4) has received increased attention and is more frequently used than the earlier methods of Fineman and Ross 5), Mayo and Lewis 1, and Ezrielev, Brokchina and Roskin 6). Most of these methods are applicable only for low conversion data (for exceptions see Ref.3>). 

Table 3 shows methane conversion data for the both catalysts and the increase of the activity for (Ni-I) after submitting the carbon deposition to the H2/N2 flow. These results indicate that some of the carbon deposits are eliminated during the hydrogen treatment, since, as shown by TPH, they are hydrogenable at temperature lower than those in which the reaction is performed and eliminated in the reaction medium. 

Table 2.6 Methane conversion data for methane dry reforming reaction...

Table 2.7 CO conversion data for water gas shift reaction...

Figure 22.4.6. Pooled UV intensity versus TCE conversion data for all 10 SCFM and 20 SCFM runs.

Table 19.2 Styrene conversion data for hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline and synthetic load using commercial catalysts after forced deactivation and r eneration procedures...

The ruthenium carbene precatalysts are separated into six major families, each of which will be discussed in turn. Every effort has been made to make comparisons both within and across families, but quantitative comparisons are difficult to make in some cases due to a lack of kinetic data. In some cases, conversion data for a particular reaction have been given, though the reader must pay close attention to the conditions used to evaluate particular catalysts because they are rarely identical. In some cases, rate constants have been corrected (by us) to a common temperature using the Eyring equation in these cases, we will note this clearly. 

Table 1. Composition - Conversion Data for Copol3nnerization of CpMo(C0)2N0 (M ) With Styrene ( 2)...

TABLE 13.9 Time-Conversion Data for lllusliative Example 13.13... 

The ACOMP continuously computed conversion data for experiments at 90 °C with different concentration of Cu Br (0,0.025, and 0.05 equiv vs. Cu Br) made possible to observe the persistent radical effect (PRE) kinetics at the early polymerization stages. 

Table 15.6 Styrene conversion data for pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation catalysts for commercial virgin nickel and palladium...

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