Convention on Biological Diversity

Parties (are required to) eoinmit to a more effective and coherent implementation of the three objectives of the Convention, to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth. 

Since prehistorie eommunities exehanged resources, trade has always been important as an instrument of carbon domestication. Moreover, the spread of agrieulture and the expansion of Europe (see Chapter 5) stimulated trade, mueh of whieh involved carbon-based commodities such as crops and animal products. More recently, trade in coal, oil and natural gas represents substantial flows of earbon worldwide. Consequently, the economies of trade influenee carbon flows and the economics of trade 

The scope of the WTO is immense since it deals with trade in all carbon-based commodities to telecommunications and finance. However, there are several underpimiing principles on which the WTO operates. These are given in Table 7.13. 

---

Although the idea of precaution in environmental matters has been around since the 1970s, the term was first introduced under Principle 15 in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992 [4] ... 

United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992. http //www.biodiv. org/doc/publications/guide.asp... 

There are now new rules for biodiversity prospecting regarding the collection of natural products. The 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established sovereign national rights over biological resources and committed member countries to conserve them, develop them sustainably, and share the benehts resulting from their use. 

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 1992. Convention on Biological Diversity. Nairobi, Kenya UNEP. Available at http //www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPS/Pgrfa/pdf/cbde.pdf [Accessed January 12, 2006]. 

Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Report Of The Second... 

Jarvis, D.I. Zoes, V. Nares D. and T. Hodgkin (2004) On-farm management of crop genetic diversity and the convention on biological diversity programme of work on agricultural biodiversity.- Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 138, 5-17. 

The Convention on Biological Diversity and its Impact on Natural Product Research... 

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is binding on signatory governments and their agencies, but not on private individuals unless and until there is applicable national legislation. As of April 2009, there are 191 parties to the CBD Andorra, the Holy See, Iraq, Somalia and the USA are not parties.31... 

---