Conus striatus

Centruroides exilicauda Conus striatus Hydra Naja oxiana N. oxiana... 

Arg-conopressin- CIIRNCPRG Conus striatus p receptor Vasopressin... 

FIGU RE 5.1 Upper panel shows the sequence of CO-conotoxins isolated from Conus geographus (GVIA), Conus magus (MVllA, MVllC, and MVllD) and Conus Striatus (SVIA). Lower panel shows the arrangement of the cys residues that constitutes the four-loop structure. 

Goniopora coral toxin. Conus striatus toxin Inhibition of activation... 

Kobayashi, J., H. Nakamura, and Y. Ohizumi Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of a Myotoxin from Conus magus Venom on the Mouse Diaphragm, the Guinea-pig Atria, Taenia Caeci, Ileum and Vas Deferens. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 86, 283 (1983). Strichartz, G.R., G.K. Wang, J. Schmidt, R. Hahin, and B.I. Shapiro Modification of Ionic Currents in Frog Nerve by Crude Venom and Isolated Peptides of the Mollusc Conus striatus. Fed. Proc. 39, 2065 (1980). 

Kobayashi, J., H. Nakamura, and Y. Ohizumi Biphasic Mechanical Responses of the Guinea-pig Isolated Ileum to the Venom of the Marine Snail Conus striatus. Br. J. Pharmac. 73, 583 (1981). 

Jimenez, E.C., B.M. Olivera, and L.J. Cruz Localization of Enzymes and Possible Toxin Precursors in Granules from Conus striatus Venom. Toxicon Suppl. 3, 199 (1983). 

Bulaj, G., West, P.J., Garrett, J.E., Watkins, M., Zhang, M.M., Norton, R.S., Smith, B.J., Yoshikami, D., and Olivera, B.M. (2005) Novel conotoxins from Conus striatus and Conus kinoshitai selectively block TTX-resistant sodium channels. Biochemistry, 44, 7259-7265. 

Cruz, L.J., Desantos, V., Zafaralla, G.C., Ramillo, C.A., Zeikus, R., Gray, W.R., and Olivera, B.M. (1987) Invertebrate vasopressin oxytocin homologs characterization of peptides from Conus geographus and Conus striatus venoms. J. Biol. Chem., 262, 15821-15824. 

Wang, C.-Z., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Lu, W., Zhao, Z.-Q., and Chi, C.-W. (2006) A novel conotoxin from Conus striatus, [X-SIIIA, seledively blocking rat tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels. Toxicon, 47, 122-132. 

With the exception of a-conotoxin SII from Conus striatus, all a-conotoxins have the cysteine pattern, CC—C—C (Myers et al., 1993) (see Table 4). Peptides from the fish-hunting species, C geographus, C. striatus and C. magus, have the consensus core sequence CC(N/H)PACGXX(Y/F)XC and two disulfide bonds that connect Cys to Cys and Cys to Cys. Comparison with the a-conotoxins recently isolated from C. pennaceus, a mollusc-hunter, and C. imperialism a worm-hunter, indicates variations in the size of the intercysteine loops. The second loop has seven amino acid residues in a-conotoxins PnIA and PnIB from C pennaceus (Fainzilber et al., 1994), and only three residues in a-conotoxin Iml from C. imperialis (McIntosh et al., 1994), compared to five residues in the other a-conotoxins. 

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