Control transducer-specification

The myristoyl anchor of a signal protein can exist in a state accessible for membrane insertion or in a state buried in the interior of the protein. The transition between the two states may be controlled by specific cellular signals (e.g. Ca, GDP/GTP exchange). In the membrane-assodated form, interactions with membrane-bound effector proteins become possible and the signal can be transduced further. 

Jaeckel E. von Boehmer H. Manns MP Antigen-specific Foxp3-transduced T-cells can control established type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005 54 306-310. 

The experimental data presented show that sNPS can be used as transducers, which are stable for a long time after the construction of an immune biosensor. The specific immune complex formed on the sNPS surface may be registered by measuring its photoluminescence or photoconductivity. Such immune biosensors can be applied for control of T2 mycotoxin. The biosensors developed are sensitive and simple and allows for rapid analysis and analysis in field conditions. This approach may be applied for detection of any biochemical substances which can form an immune complex. Further investigations should be directed towards studying the mechanism of the biochemical signal detection by the sNPS and characterization of all the steps of analysis. 

Bioanalyzer can be considered another version of commercial biosensors for off-line analysis. It was developed to have capabilities of complete analysis, short response time, specificity, and sensitivity that allows a quick clinical test. Abbott Vision, Boehringer-Mannheim Reflectron, and Kodak Ektachem DT60 (IBI Biolyzer is the new name) are used for cholesterol measurement in doctors offices. Bioanalyzer consists of biological and transducing component that are not physically connected. The uniqueness of this separation provides the versatility of analysis, i.e., use of disposable and different biological component for multi-components measurements. In authors laboratory, Kodak Ektachem DT60 was used successfully to determine cholesterol in some food matrices as well as in off-line process control. The analysis time was only 10 minutes compared to 1-2 days for the GC and HPLC methods. Complicated... 

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